Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38253978›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025

Disproportionate Rates of COVID-19 Among Black Canadian Communities: Lessons from a Cross-Sectional Study in the First Year of the Pandemic.

Upton D Allen, Michelle Barton, Julia Upton, Annette Bailey, Aaron Campigotto, Mariana Abdulnoor, Jean-Philippe Julien, Jonathan Gubbay, Niranjan Kissoon, Alice Litosh and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Unpacking cancer diagnosis among Latin Americans in Canada: disparities and protective patterns.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Upton D AllenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. upton.allen@sickkids.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-2326-7731
Michelle BartonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
Julia UptonDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Annette BaileyToronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Aaron CampigottoDivision of Microbiology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mariana AbdulnoorDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Jean-Philippe JulienResearch Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jonathan GubbayPublic Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.
Niranjan KissoonDepartment of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Alice LitoshDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Maria-Rosa La NeveDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Peter WongDepartment of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Andrew AllenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Renee BaileyToronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Walter ByrneDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Ranjeeta JagoowaniDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Chantal PhillipsDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Manuela Merreles-PulciniDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Alicia PolackDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Cheryl PrescodBlack Creek Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Arjumand SiddiqiDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alexander SummersMiddlesex-London Health Unit, London, Ontario, Canada.
Kimberly ThompsonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Sylvanus ThompsonToronto Public Health Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Carl JamesYork University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
seroMARK Research Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRacialized communities, including Black Canadians, have disproportionately higher COVID-19 cases. We examined the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected the Black Canadian community and the factors associated with the infection.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in an area of Ontario (northwest Toronto/Peel Region) with a high proportion of Black residents along with 2 areas that have lower proportions of Black residents (Oakville and London, Ontario). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were determined using the EUROIMMUN assay. The study was conducted between August 15, 2020, and December 15, 2020.

resultsAmong 387 evaluable subjects, the majority, 273 (70.5%), were enrolled from northwest Toronto and adjoining suburban areas of Peel, Ontario. The seropositivity values for Oakville and London were comparable (3.3% (2/60; 95% CI 0.4-11.5) and 3.9% (2/51; 95% CI 0.5-13.5), respectively). Relative to these areas, the seropositivity was higher for the northwest Toronto/Peel area at 12.1% (33/273), relative risk (RR) 3.35 (1.22-9.25). Persons 19 years of age or less had the highest seropositivity (10/50; 20.0%, 95% CI 10.3-33.7%), RR 2.27 (1.23-3.59). There was a trend for an interaction effect between race and location of residence as this relates to the relative risk of seropositivity.

interpretationDuring the early phases of the pandemic, the seropositivity within a COVID-19 high-prevalence zone was threefold greater than lower prevalence areas of Ontario. Black individuals were among those with the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2.

Indexed as

Black PeopleCOVID-19Health Status DisparitiesAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOntarioPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Seroepidemiologic StudiesYoung AdultBlack residentsCOVID-19Polymerase chain reaction

Identifiers

PMID38253978
PMCPMC11753308

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.