ArticleScientific reports2024
The combination of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols induces airway inflammation and mucus hyperconcentration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Findings on e-cigarette flavors and their implications for human health: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Passive Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Oxidative Stress and Pediatric Allergic and Obstructive Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review and a "Second Oxidative Hit" Hypothesis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Associations between dual use of combustible cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems and allergic rhinitis: An analysis of KNHANES data.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Dietary Supplements: Characteristics, Routes of Administration, Bioavailability, and Research Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Comparative toxicity of menthol- and tobacco-flavored electronic cigarette constituents inducing inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in the absence of nicotine.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Acute Exposure to Combustible and Novel Tobacco Products Using an In Vitro Human Airway Organ Tissue Equivalent Model.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia Caused by E-Cigarette Use Following Exposure to Oil Spray and Waterproofing Spray: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Electronic Cigarette Exposures Impair Respiratory Function and Structure in the Female Apoe-/- Mouse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- E-cigarettes and cardiovascular health: a review of components, mechanisms, and clinical risk.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Review
- Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols impact mucociliary function and cause cytotoxicity in human airway epithelium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Toxicity of humectants propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin in electronic nicotine delivery systems.Toxicology letters · 2025Review
- Exploring the Impact of E-cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- The respiratory epithelium in the era of vaping: insights fromEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Vaping and cancer metastasis: novel preclinical insights and results from the All of Us Research Program.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- The effects of flavored vaped e-liquids on cultured human macrophages derived from the central and peripheral nervous systems.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2025Article
- The Effects of Individual Components of E-Cigarettes on Ion Transport and Airway Surface Liquid Height in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite concerns over their safety, e-cigarettes (e-cigs) remain a popular tobacco product. Although nicotine and flavors found in e-cig liquids (e-liquids) can cause harm in the airways, whether the delivery vehicles propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) are innocuous when inhaled remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of e-cig aerosols generated from e-liquid containing only PG/VG on airway inflammation and mucociliary function in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and sheep. Primary HBEC were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to e-cig aerosols of 50%/50% v/v PG/VG. Ion channel conductance, ciliary beat frequency, and the expression of inflammatory markers, cell type-specific markers, and the major mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B were evaluated after seven days of exposure. Sheep were exposed to e-cig aerosols of PG/VG for five days and mucus concentration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity were measured from airway secretions. Seven-day exposure of HBEC to e-cig aerosols of PG/VG caused a significant reduction in the activities of apical ion channels important for mucus hydration, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and large conductance, Ca
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.