ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Isoforms: Their Clinical Implications, Utilisation in Diagnosis, Prevention and New Antiviral Strategies.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis D Infection: A Review.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Review
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Cell-based platforms for antiviral screening against hepatitis B virus: advantages, limitations, and future perspectives.Antiviral research · 2026Review
- HBsAg glycan isomer predicts on-treatment HBsAg decline in low-HBsAg chronic hepatitis B on nucleos(t)ide therapy.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Occult HBV among anti-HBc-reactive blood donors in Colombia: low HBsAg prevalence, genotype F3, and small-S variation relevant to HBsAg detectability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chronic HDV Infection Shows Higher HBsAg Isoform Levels than HBV Infection, Paralleling HDV Replicative Activity.Viruses · 2026Article
- Beyond silencing: integrative multi-omics and spatial profiling unravel the systems-level role of piRNAs in HBV-driven Hepatocarcinogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Hepatitis B virus functional cure in persons with HIV: what are the predictors and which novel markers are useful?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- From Genome Diversity to Inferred Functional Constraints: An Integrated Evolutionary Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Unveiling DNAJB12 and DNAJB14 as crucial chaperones in hepatitis B and D virus particle morphogenesis.iScience · 2026Article
- Molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus among students and pregnant women in Chad.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mutational landscape of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- The Management of Chronic Hepatitis B: 2025 Guidelines Update from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver and Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada.Canadian liver journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Editorial: Chronic hepatitis B management: current status and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Decoding hepatitis B virus mutations that impact host-virus interactions and therapeutics.Journal of biosciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Molecular Architecture of HBV Spherical Subviral Particles: Structure, Symmetry, and Lipid Dynamics.Viruses · 2024Review
- Surveillance Following Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss: An Issue Requiring Attention.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a multifunctional glycoprotein composed of large (LHB), middle (MHB), and small (SHB) subunits. HBsAg isoforms have numerous biological functions during HBV infection-from initial and specific viral attachment to the hepatocytes to initiating chronic infection with their immunomodulatory properties. The genetic variability of HBsAg isoforms may play a role in several HBV-related liver phases and clinical manifestations, from occult hepatitis and viral reactivation upon immunosuppression to fulminant hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their immunogenic properties make them a major target for developing HBV vaccines, and in recent years they have been recognised as valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Initial research has already shown promising results in utilising HBsAg isoforms instead of quantitative HBsAg for correctly evaluating chronic infection phases and predicting functional cures. The ratio between surface components was shown to indicate specific outcomes of HBV and HDV infections. Thus, besides traditional HBsAg detection and quantitation, HBsAg isoform quantitation can become a useful non-invasive biomarker for assessing chronically infected patients. This review summarises the current knowledge of HBsAg isoforms, their potential usefulness and aspects deserving further research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.