ReviewVaccines2024
DNA Vaccines: Their Formulations, Engineering and Delivery.
Review in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward Precision Vaccinology for Mpox: Rational Antigen Design, Next-Generation Platforms, and Immune Correlates of Protection.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of a Candidate Hepatitis C Vaccine Based on Non-Structural DNA-Protein Sequences and a Novel Complex Adjuvant.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A Novel Effective Nanoadjuvant System for Poultry Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Peptide additives reprogram the lipid nanoparticle corona and enhance gene delivery in a serum-free environment for lung epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Minicircle DNA Vaccines: Overcoming Delivery and Expression Barriers in Next-Generation Immunization.Vaccines · 2026Review
- DNA Vaccination in Farmed Fish with a Focus on Salmonid Alphavirus Infection in Atlantic Salmon (Viruses · 2026Review
- Bulky pcDNA plasmid encoding Leishmania- and Sandfly-derived antigens resulted in transient Th1 response post Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with GRA35-Encoding DNA and mRNA Vaccines Enhances Protective Immunity AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Unleashing the immune arsenal: development of broad spectrum multiepitope bluetongue vaccine targeting conserved T cell epitopes of structural proteins.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- DNA Vaccine Encoding the prM-E Polyprotein of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy of Plasmid DNA Delivery into Mice by Intradermal Injections Alone and Facilitated by Sonoporation or Electroporation.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Possible Applications of Azurin, a Copper-Containing Protein, in Cancer Treatment: Prospects and Challenges.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- The evolution of vaccine strategies for colorectal cancer: from conventional approaches to the mRNA era.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Vaccines and molecular therapeutics for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- From Jenner to genomics: the unfolding future of vaccinology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Global research hotspots and trends in DNA vaccine research: A bibliometric and visualization study from 2014 to 2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine induces balanced antibody and T-cell responses in pigs with maternally derived antibodies.Journal of virology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The concept of DNA vaccination was introduced in the early 1990s. Since then, advancements in the augmentation of the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines have brought this technology to the market, especially in veterinary medicine, to prevent many diseases. Along with the successful COVID mRNA vaccines, the first DNA vaccine for human use, the Indian ZyCovD vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, was approved in 2021. In the current review, we first give an overview of the DNA vaccine focusing on the science, including adjuvants and delivery methods. We then cover some of the emerging science in the field of DNA vaccines, notably efforts to optimize delivery systems, better engineer delivery apparatuses, identify optimal delivery sites, personalize cancer immunotherapy through DNA vaccination, enhance adjuvant science through gene adjuvants, enhance off-target and heritable immunity through epigenetic modification, and predict epitopes with bioinformatic approaches. We also discuss the major limitations of DNA vaccines and we aim to address many theoretical concerns.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.