ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle: Diagnostic Electromyography and Injective Treatments.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate neural patterns within the gluteus maximus (Gmax) muscle to identify optimal EMG placement and injection sites for botulinum toxin and other injectable agents.
methodsThis study used 10 fixed and 1 non-fixed adult Korean cadavers. Intramuscular arborization patterns were confirmed in the cranial, middle, and caudal segments of 20 Gmax muscles using Sihler staining. Ultrasound images were obtained from one cadaver, and blue dye was injected using ultrasound guidance to confirm the results.
resultsThe intramuscular innervation pattern of the Gmax was mostly in the middle part of this muscle. The nerve endings of the Gmax are mainly located in the 40-70% range in the cranial segment, the 30-60% range in the middle segment, and the 40-70% range in the caudal segment. DISCUSSION: Addressing the spasticity of the gluteus maximus requires precise, site-specific botulinum toxin injections. The use of EMG and other injection therapies should be guided by the findings of this study. We propose that these specific sites, which correspond to areas with the densest nerve branches, are the safest and most efficient locations for both botulinum toxin injections and EMG procedures.
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