Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38247789›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2024

A Covalently Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Hydrogel as a Potential Filler for Soft Tissue Augmentation.

Francesca Della Sala, Mario di Gennaro, Pooyan Makvandi, Assunta Borzacchiello

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Elastic modulus of hyaluronic acid hydrogels by compression testing.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Francesca Della SalaInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7041-4565
Mario di GennaroInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
Pooyan MakvandiCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India.ORCID 0000-0003-2456-0961
Assunta BorzacchielloInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of fillers for soft tissue augmentation is an approach to restore the structure in surgically or traumatically created tissue voids. Hyaluronic acid (HA), is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, and it is widely employed in the design of materials with features similar to human tissues. HA-based fillers already find extensive use in soft tissue applications, but are burdened with inherent drawbacks, such as poor thermal stability. A well-known strategy to improve the HA properties is to reticulate it with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The aim of this work was to improve the design of HA hydrogels as fillers, by developing a crosslinking HA method with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by means of BDDE. CMC is a water soluble cellulose ether, whose insertion into the hydrogel can lead to increased thermal stability. HA/CMC hydrogels at different ratios were prepared, and their rheological properties and thermal stability were investigated. The hydrogel with an HA/CMC ratio of 1/1 resulted in the highest values of viscoelastic moduli before and after thermal treatment. The morphology of the hydrogel was examined via SEM. Biocompatibility response, performed with the Alamar blue assay on fibroblast cells, showed a safety percentage of around 90% until 72 h.

Indexed as

BDDEcarboxymethyl cellulosefillershyaluronic acidhydrogels

Identifiers

PMID38247789
PMCPMC10815124

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.