ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Children among Primary Healthcare Institutions in China: A Nationwide Retrospective Study, 2017-2019.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population structure reveals clade- and region-specific dissemination of macrolide-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Prescribing patterns of antibiotics according to the WHO access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification in the pediatric outpatient department: A prospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Use in Pediatrics: Perceptions and Practices of Romanian Physicians.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pediatric Medication Prescribing Across Urgent Care Visits: An Epidemiologic View from a Primary Care Setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Microbial Symphony: Impact of Antibiotics and Probiotics on Infant Gut Ecology and Antibiotic Resistance in the First Six Months of Life.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is scarce evidence to demonstrate the pattern of antibiotic use in children in China. We aimed to describe antibiotic prescribing practices among children in primary healthcare institutions (PHIs) in China. We described outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for children in PHIs from January 2017 to December 2019 at both the national and diagnostic levels, utilizing the antibiotic prescribing rate (APR), multi-antibiotic prescribing rate (MAPR), and broad-spectrum prescribing rate (BAPR). Generalized estimating equations were adopted to analyze the factors associated with antibiotic use. Among the total 155,262.2 weighted prescriptions for children, the APR, MAPR, and BAPR were 43.5%, 9.9%, and 84.8%. At the national level, J01DC second-generation cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic category (21.0%, N = 15,313.0), followed by J01DD third-generation cephalosporins (17.4%, N = 12,695.8). Watch group antibiotics accounted for 55.0% of the total antibiotic prescriptions (N = 52,056.3). At the diagnostic level, respiratory tract infections accounted for 67.4% of antibiotic prescriptions, among which prescriptions with diagnoses classified as potentially bacterial RTIs occupied the highest APR (55.0%). For each diagnostic category, the MAPR and BAPR varied. Age, region, and diagnostic categories were associated with antibiotic use. Concerns were raised regarding the appropriateness of antibiotic use, especially for broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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