ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2024
Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro-magnetic tissue properties study group.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Values Quantification in Deep Gray Matter Structures for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Iron quantification in basal ganglia: quantitative susceptibility mapping as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Kidney Stones: An Ex Vivo MRI Phantom Study.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Phantom Doping Materials in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal MRI insights into hippocampal pathological changes across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: advances and challenges.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- 7 Tesla MRI with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: qualitative grading and quantitative focal measurements of the substantia nigra as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Cerebrovascular reactivity delay measured by blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging and gas challenges: A systematic review.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Cortical Iron and Mesostriatal Dopamine Function in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Phase-Pole-Free Images and Smooth Coil Sensitivity Maps by Regularized Nonlinear Inversion.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Quantifying the Impact of Ocrelizumab on Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Submillimeter postmortem and in vivo diffusion and susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging to characterize cortical micro- and meso-structures.Research square · 2026Article
- Tract-based χ-separation imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by mapping iron and myelin signatures.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Reducing Variability in Deep Gray Matter QSM Using Differential ROI Referencing: A Phantom and In Vivo Evaluation.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Reducing Noise Induced by Cardiac Pulsatility in Brain Maps of RNMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Complex Deep Neural Networks for Denoising Ultra-Fast Submillimeter T2*-weighted Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.European journal of radiology artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- In-vivo iron mapping in patients with Parkinson's disease using deep learning-based susceptibility source separation MRI.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Epileptiform discharges in neurodegenerative diseases linked to atrophy but not associated with iron depositions.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Technical Feasibility of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Radiomics for Predicting Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Parkinson Disease.Neurosurgery · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This article provides recommendations for implementing QSM for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available have generated a need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article outlines considerations and implementation recommendations for QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and publication. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence and that phase images be saved and exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi-echo images should be combined before background field removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase-quality-based masking. Background fields within the brain mask should be removed using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity-based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of the whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis. The minimum acquisition and processing details required when reporting QSM results are also provided. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and promote harmonized data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.