ArticleJournal of advanced research2025
Alanine metabolism mediates energy allocation of the brown planthopper to adapt to resistant rice.
Article in Journal of advanced research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary divergence and regulatory landscapes of benzoxazinoid metabolism in monocot crops.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Combined With Mitochondrial Feeding Assays Reveal a Novel Energy Metabolism Strategy for Floral Thermogenesis in Magnolia Driven by Synergistic Supply of Multiple Substrates.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Insight into Rice Resistance to the Brown Planthopper: Gene Cloning, Functional Analysis, and Breeding Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Integrative Omics Strategies for Understanding and Combating Brown Planthopper Virulence in Rice Production: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDuring the adaptation to host plant resistance, herbivorous insects faced the challenge of overcoming plant defenses while ensuring their own development and reproductive success. To achieve this, a strategic allocation of energy resources for detoxification and ecological fitness maintenance became essential.
objectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the intricate energy allocation mechanisms involved in herbivore adaptation that are currently poorly understood.
methodsThe rice Oryza sativa and its monophagous pest, the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were used as a model system. An integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptomes from different BPH populations were conducted to identify the biomarkers. RNA interference of key genes and exogenous injection of key metabolites were performed to validate the function of biomarkers.
resultsWe found that alanine was one of the key biomarkers of BPH adaptation to resistant rice variety IR36. We also found that alanine flow determined the adaptation of BPH to IR36 rice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-mediated alanine transfer to pyruvate was necessary and sufficient for the adaptation. This pathway may be conserved, at least to some extent, in BPH adaptation to multiple rice cultivars with different resistance genes. More importantly, ALT-mediated alanine metabolism is the foundation of downstream energy resource allocation for the adaptation. The adapted BPH population exhibited a significantly higher level of energy reserves in the fat body and ovary when fed with IR36 rice, compared to the unadapted population. This rendered the elevated detoxification in the adapted BPH and their ecological fitness recovery.
conclusionOverall, our findings demonstrated the crucial role of ALT-mediated alanine metabolism in energy allocation during the adaptation to resistant rice in BPH. This will provide novel knowledge regarding the co-evolutionary mechanisms between herbivores and their host plants.
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