ArticleEuropean journal of public health2024
Examining potential Long COVID effects through utilization of healthcare resources: a retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study comparing individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in European journal of public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postacute COVID-19 Symptoms and Health Care Utilization and Spending Among Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Factors affecting exercise performance at the 6-min walk test in long-COVID: a multicenter study from Italy.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Care Pathways and Patient Experiences Among Patients With Post COVID-19 Condition: Study Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study in Germany.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment in long-COVID: frequency, trajectories and risk factors in a cohort study from Italy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Which healthcare services did children and adolescents use before presentation at specialised outpatient clinics for post-COVID-19 condition? Descriptive findings from the Post-COVID Kids Bavaria study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Determinants of healthcare utilisation among post-COVID syndrome patients: a population-based study in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of long covid symptoms in Tuscany, Italy: a population-representative cross-sectional telephone survey.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Change in healthcare utilization before and after COVID-19 using data from 1.5 million individuals.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Healthcare gaps and inequities following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in Brazil's universal healthcare system: a patient-engaged survey of Long COVID healthcare needs, use and barriers.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Persistence of symptoms in long-COVID: follow-up trajectories of 30 symptoms in 755 patients from a national multicenter study from Italy.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Healthcare Resource Utilization (HCRU) and Direct Medical Costs Associated with Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Conditions: Findings from a Literature Review.Journal of market access & health policy · 2025Review
- Healthcare utilization patterns before and after a long COVID diagnosis: a case-control study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Administration of antivirals, IL-6 inhibitors, monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and systemic corticosteroids in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection do not reduce the subsequent burden of Long-COVID symptoms.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- Observational
- Adolescents with Persistent Symptoms Following Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Long-COVID): Symptom Profile, Clustering and Follow-Up Symptom Evaluation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Electronic health records reveal that COVID-19 impacted health resources and survival of Basque population.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Symptom profile, case and symptom clustering, clinical and demographic characteristics of a multicentre cohort of 1297 patients evaluated for Long-COVID.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Changes in Outpatient Health Care Use After COVID-19 Infection Among Veterans.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Deaths related to post-COVID in Italy: a national study based on death certificates.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA significant proportion of individuals reports persistent clinical manifestations following SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) acute infection. Nevertheless, knowledge of the burden of this condition-often referred to as 'Long COVID'-on the health care system remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare utilization potentially related to Long COVID.
methodsPopulation-based, retrospective, multi-center cohort study that analyzed hospital admissions and utilization of outpatient visits and diagnostic tests between adults aged 40 years and older recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred between February 2020 and December 2021 and matched unexposed individuals during a 6-month observation period. Healthcare utilization was analyzed by considering the setting of care for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection [non-hospitalized, hospitalized and intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted] as a proxy for the severity of acute infection and epidemic phases characterized by different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Data were retrieved from regional health administrative databases of three Italian Regions.
resultsThe final cohort consisted of 307 994 previously SARS-CoV-2 infected matched with 307 994 uninfected individuals. Among exposed individuals, 92.2% were not hospitalized during the acute infection, 7.3% were hospitalized in a non-ICU ward and 0.5% were admitted to ICU. Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (vs. unexposed), especially those hospitalized or admitted to ICU, reported higher utilization of outpatient visits (range of pooled Incidence Rate Ratios across phases; non-hospitalized: 1.11-1.33, hospitalized: 1.93-2.19, ICU-admitted: 3.01-3.40), diagnostic tests (non-hospitalized: 1.35-1.84, hospitalized: 2.86-3.43, ICU-admitted: 4.72-7.03) and hospitalizations (non-hospitalized: 1.00-1.52, hospitalized: 1.87-2.36, ICU-admitted: 4.69-5.38).
conclusionsThis study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased use of health care in the 6 months following infection, and association was mainly driven by acute infection severity.
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