ArticleBMC oral health2024
The effect of increasing the gaps between the front teeth on torque and intrusion control of the incisors for anterior retraction with clear aligners: a prospective study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Advancements in biomechanics and orthodontic strategies for clear aligner therapy].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026Pooled it
- Space closure after premolar extraction using clear aligners: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Pooled it
- Biomechanical effects of varying intrusion-to-retraction ratios on anterior tooth displacement during extraction space closure with clear aligners: an iterative finite element analysis.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- The effect of an indirect anchorage reinforcement device on maxillary anterior intrusion with clear aligners: a three-dimensional finite element analysis and exploratory clinical validation.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Biomechanical analysis of retracting maxillary incisors using clear aligners with palatal mini-implants in extraction cases: a finite-element analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The effects of anterior spaces on the intrusion of mandibular incisors with clear aligners in extraction cases: a finite-element analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Mesiodistal angulation change of the maxillary lateral incisor in the extraction treatment by clear aligner- a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Multi-step finite element simulation for clear aligner space closure: a proof-of-concept compensation protocol.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomechanically Valid Clear Aligner Therapy for Premolar Extraction Case: A Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in dentistry · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of palatal anchorage device (PAD) for maxillary anterior retraction with clear aligners using finite element study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effect of sequential distalization on increasing gaps in the maxillary anterior teeth, focusing on the control of torque and three-dimensional teeth movement during anterior retraction with clear aligners in extraction cases.
methodsWe recruited 24 patients who were undergoing extraction bilateral maxillary first premolars with clear aligners. According to a predetermined increment in the spaces between the maxillary anterior teeth, the patients were divided into three groups: those with no gap (9 cases), a 0.5 mm gap (6 cases) and a 1.0 mm gap (9 cases). In each group, a 2.0 mm en-mass retraction was applied on the anterior teeth. Plaster casts of the upper full dentition were obtained both before and after a 2 mm retraction. The palatal folds were used to overlap each pair of models. The three-dimensional movement of the teeth and the change of torque for the anterior teeth were subsequently analyzed using Geomagic Studio 2014 software.
resultsThe change in torque in the groups with added gaps was significantly smaller than that in the group with no gaps (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in this respect when comparing the group with a 0.5 mm gap added to the group with a 1.0 mm gap was added (P > 0.05). In the labial-lingual and vertical directions, the displacements of the central and lateral incisors were smaller in the groups with additional gaps compared to those in the groups without gaps (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed when comparing the group with a 0.5 mm added gap to the group with a 1.0 mm added gap (P > 0.05). Then, a comparison was made between the displacement of the second premolar to the second molar in the mesial-distal direction across all groups. The study revealed that the anchorage molars in the group without gaps demonstrated significantly smaller displacement compared to those in the group with additional gaps (P < 0.05).
conclusionAdvantages were observed in controlling the torque of the anterior teeth and achieving a desired pattern closer to normal bodily movement by sequentially distalizing the maxillary anterior teeth gaps. Increasing the gaps between the maxillary anterior teeth also resulted in improved control of the vertical direction of the anterior teeth. However, this retraction strategy necessitates substantial protection of the anchorage molars.
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