ArticleScientific reports2024
Prevalence and distribution of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in symptomatic honey bee colonies across the USA from 2015 to 2022.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Varroa mite resistance in a hybrid honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in Southern California.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clodronate Liposomes Untangle the Role of Hemocytes in <italic>Apis mellifera</italic> Response to Temperature Variation and Microbial Infection.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- Oxalic acid vaporization: effectiveness against Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) and safety for Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2025Article
- Clodronate liposomes untangle the role of hemocytes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Morphological identification, prevalence, and infestation rate ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Varroa destructor Infestations in Apis mellifera Honeybee Colonies and Associated Risk Factors in Ankasha District, Northwest Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Acute bee paralysis virus regulation of microRNA expression dynamics in the insect host (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Dominance of recombinant DWV genomes with changing viral landscapes as revealed in national US honey bee and varroa mite survey.Communications biology · 2024Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory received symptomatic honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) samples across the United States for disease diagnosis. Here, we present a retrospective study and cartography of ectoparasite Varroa destructor and intracellular microsporidia parasite Nosema spp. These two major parasites were identified in the diseased honey bee samples between 2015 and 2022. Varroa infestation level (VIL) was examined by a wash technique (Mites/100 bees) and calculated as a percentage, while Nosema infection was quantified by microscopical spore count (Million Spores/Bee). Data were analyzed by month, year, state, and by nine geographical climate regions described in the U.S. Of adult bee samples (n = 4039) that were analyzed for Varroa mite infestation, the overall VIL in the U.S. ranged between 0.4 and 30.85%, with an overall national VIL and Varroa prevalence of 8.21% and 85.14%, respectively. Overall monthly data showed VIL constantly exceeded the critical level of 4% except from June to September and reached a maximum of 15% in January and December. Nationwide, VIL significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 2015 to 2018 (1.1-4.7%), plateaued from 2018 to 2021 (4.7-4.5%), followed by a significant decrease in 2022 (3.6%). Significant VIL differences (p < 0.001) were recorded among climate regions, with the highest mite infestation levels in the Upper Midwest region (13.9%) and the lowest in the West region (5.1%). Of adult bee samples (n = 2,994) that were analyzed for Nosema infection, Nosema spore count ranged between (1-16.8) million spores per bee among states, with a national average of 6.8 and a prevalence of 99.7%. The lowest and highest Nosema loads were respectively recorded in the South region (3.1) and Upper Midwest (10.5), a significant difference (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were recorded among the six other climate regions. Overall, VIL and Nosema infection correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with a regression coefficient of (R
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