ArticleCell2024
Complement in breast milk modifies offspring gut microbiota to promote infant health.
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Immune gene expression dynamics across the lifespan of Tibetan macaques (Current zoology · 2026Article
- Mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission: timing, determinants, and impact on offspring susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Early-Life Ozone Exposure and Childhood Allergic Rhinitis: Critical Exposure Windows, Exposure-Response Relationships, and Protective Modifiers.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Effect of early administration of total enteral feeding with different regimens of nutritional preparations on the growth status of very low birth weight preterm infants.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- BRD4 modulates antimicrobial defense via non-canonical NRF2 activation in macrophages to confer protection against sepsis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A One Health Decalogue for Breastfeeding: Microbiota-Targeted Strategies for Infant Gastrointestinal and Neurodevelopmental Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
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- pTJK, a rare Mammaliicoccus lentus phage with broad-host-range, antibiofilm, and synergistic interactions with antimicrobials against resistant Staphylococcaceae.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Infant-derivedFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Beyond breastfeeding: a One Health Decalogue for nurturing the infant microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Concentrations of selected human milk components influence the infant oral microbiome to a greater degree than estimated intakes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Sodium butyrate modulates ocular surface microbiome and attenuates inflammation of meibomian gland dysfunction in ApoEMicrobiome · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and infant gut microbiota: influence of bioactive components.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Breast Milk Proteome: Changes in the Different Stages of Lactation and Impacts of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Body Mass Index.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Divergent roles for complement components C3 and C4 in controllingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Gut complement system: a new frontier in microbiota-host communication and intestinal homeostasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Microbiome in heritage: how maternal microbiome transmission impacts next generation health.Microbiome · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing nourishment and immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota. Although it has been appreciated for decades that breast milk contains complement components, the physiological relevance of complement in breast milk remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that weanling mice fostered by complement-deficient dams rapidly succumb when exposed to murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR), whereas pups fostered on complement-containing milk from wild-type dams can tolerate CR challenge. The complement components in breast milk were shown to directly lyse specific members of gram-positive gut commensal microbiota via a C1-dependent, antibody-independent mechanism, resulting in the deposition of the membrane attack complex and subsequent bacterial lysis. By selectively eliminating members of the commensal gut community, complement components from breast milk shape neonate and infant gut microbial composition to be protective against environmental pathogens such as CR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.