ArticleHarm reduction journal2024
Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- A Selective, Class-Specific Aptamer for Fentanyl Analog Screening.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Assessment of Test Strips for Detection of Fentanyl in Powders.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- A mixed methods examination of organizational approaches to fentanyl test strip distribution and training across multiple states.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Analytical performance and visual evaluation of fentanyl and xylazine test strips.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Assessing the real-world performance of xylazine test strips for community-based drug checking in Los Angeles.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- The Donovan Memorial Lecture: 'Fentanyl-Plus': A New Era of Fentanyl Polydrug Combinations in the North American Overdose Crisis.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Fentanyl, Amphetamine-type Stimulants, Heroin, and xylazine in drug residues in two Northern border Mexican cities.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Review
- What's in the Powder? Evaluating Fentanyl Test Strip Sensitivity to Common Household Items in Chemical Emergency Response Scenarios.Journal of chemical health & safety · 2025Article
- Urgent Need for Pairing Training and Education With Fentanyl Test Strip Distribution.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Three Candidates, Two Peaks: Addressing Conflicting Assignments of Fentanyl Protomers with DMS-UVPD.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2025Article
- Modern Methods for Detection of Fentanyl and Its Analogues: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Standoff detection of fentanyl hydrochloride via nuclear quadrupole resonance: A multimodality pursuit.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Highlighting variability in fentanyl test strip instructions using thematic content analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Characteristics of take-home fentanyl test strip use and support for drug checking services among people who use heroin in Australia: learnings for an increasingly complex drug market.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- National and regional trends in fentanyl seizures in the United States, 2017-2023.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Ecstasy, molly, MDMA: What health practitioners need to know about this common recreational drug.Disease-a-month : DM · 2025Review
- Implementation of a community-based LC-UV drug checking service: promising preliminary findings on feasibility and validity.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Nitazene test strips: a laboratory evaluation.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe overdose crisis driven by synthetic opioids continues to escalate in the USA. We evaluated the efficacy of multiple manufacturing lots of a fentanyl test strip (FTS) to detect fentanyl and fentanyl analogs and assessed cross-reactivity with possible interferences.
methodsDrug standards were dissolved in water in a laboratory setting and serially diluted. Drug dilutions were tested using five different manufacturing lots of BTNX Rapid Response (20 ng/mL cutoff) lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay strips to assess lot-to-lot variability for FTS sensitivity and cross-reactivity for the analytes of interest.
resultsAll five manufacturing lots cross-reacted with fentanyl and eleven fentanyl analogs. Diphenhydramine, lidocaine, MDMA, and methamphetamine were found to cause false positives with the strips. There was notable lot-to-lot variability in the sensitivity of the strips for fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and known interferences. DISCUSSION: FTS remains an important overdose prevention tool, but lot-to-lot variability in performance complicates robust instructions that balance the prevention of false positives and false negatives. Continued lot-to-lot performance assessment is recommended to ensure health education for FTS remains accurate. More sophisticated drug checking technologies and services are needed in the community landscape to augment personal FTS use to facilitate informed consumption and overdose risk mitigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.