ArticleTranslational psychiatry2024
Inflammatory biotype of ADHD is linked to chronic stress: a data-driven analysis of the inflammatory proteome.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurological and biological correlations of ODD with ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory protein signatures as predictors of insulin resistance and cognitive function: a one-year longitudinal study in theBrain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Serum TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: correlations with clinical and cognitive features.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Metabolic Dysregulation in ADHD: Implications for Appetite, Sleep, Stress Reactivity, and Pharmacological Treatment.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Involvement of adiponectin in the biology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Causal effects of mental disorders on stroke subtypes: A proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- An emerging theoretical lens post global epidemic and turmoil: Psychological immunity.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Article
- Klotho as a novel biomarker of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and related executive dysfunction.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Decoding Causal Associations Between Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study in US children and adolescents and Mendelian randomization study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Comparison of inflammatory and ECG markers between children/adolescents with ADHD and healthy controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- From health to harm: Cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with orthorexia nervosa.Neuroscience applied · 2026Article
- Diagnostic utility of biomarkers in progressive supranuclear palsy: toward a biotyping framework.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Cumulative stressor exposure and cognitive functioning in late childhood: The role of inflammation.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Brain region and cell type-specific DNA methylation profiles in association with ADHD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A study on the mechanism of Bushen Kaiqiao Formula in modulating microglial activation to alleviate neuroinflammation in ADHD.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- [Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cardiometabolic diseases: prevalence, etiology and treatment].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
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Abstract
The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and low-grade inflammation has been explored in children but rarely in adults. Inflammation is characteristic of some, but not all, patients with ADHD and might be influenced by ADHD medication but also lifestyle factors including nutrition, smoking, and stress. It is also still unclear if any specific symptoms are related to inflammation. Therefore, we assessed 96 inflammatory proteins in a deeply phenotyped cohort of 126 adult ADHD participants with a stable medication status using OLINK technology. A data-based, unsupervised hierarchical clustering method could identify two distinct biotypes within the 126 ADHD participants based on their inflammatory profile: a higher inflammatory potential (HIP) and a lower inflammatory protein potential (LIP) group. Biological processes that differed strongest between groups were related to the NF-κB pathway, chemokine signaling, IL-17 signaling, metabolic alterations, and chemokine attraction. A comparison of sample characteristics revealed that the HIP group was more likely to have higher levels of chronic stress (p < 0.001), a higher clinical global impression scale score (p = 0.030), and a higher risk for suicide (p = 0.032). Medication status did not influence protein levels significantly (p ≥ 0.074), but psychotropic co-medication (p ≤ 0.009) did. In conclusion, our data suggest the presence of two distinct biotypes in adults with ADHD. Higher levels of inflammatory proteins in ADHD are linked to higher levels of chronic perceived stress in a linear fashion. Further research on inflammation in adults with ADHD should take stress levels into account.
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