SynthesisJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2024
Treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies related to PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 inhibitors across tumor types: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure-response relationship of nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the randomised phase 2 BIONIKK study.British journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- KN046, a bispecific antibody against PD-L1 and CTLA-4, plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC: A multicenter phase 2 trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Patient characteristics to guide personalized treatment decisions and prognostication in hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatic oncology · 2026Review
- First-in-human study of intravenous bispecific CTLA-4 × OX40 antibody (ATOR-1015) in advanced solid malignancies.ESMO open · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity Publication Bias and Its Consequences for Predictive Models: A Call for Transparent Reporting.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- The immunogenicity database collaborative: a standardized, publicly available database for clinical immunogenicity observations and insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advancements in the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of gynecological tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Elevated antidrug antibodies against atezolizumab and associated clinical outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Optimizing Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy: An Overview of Pharmacokinetics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.Cancers · 2025Review
- The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Mechanism and Therapeutic Advances.MedComm · 2025Review
- Beyond the Limit: MYC Mediates Tumor Immune Escape.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Digging Through the Complexities of Immunological Approaches in Emerging Osteosarcoma Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Narrative Review with Updated Clinical Trials.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A real-time imaging approach to quantify dendritic cell internalization for immunogenicity risk assessment of biotherapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of Atezolizumab: Influence of Testing Method and Sampling Frequency on Reported Anti-drug Antibody Incidence Rates.The AAPS journal · 2024Article
- Immunocytes interact directly with cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment: one coin with two sides and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine and its components effectively reduce resistance mediated by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased understanding of how the immune system regulates tumor growth has innovated the use of immunotherapeutics to treat various cancers. The impact of such therapies, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, on the production of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) and their impact on outcomes, is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the clinical trial evidence on ADA incidence associated with PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer and to assess associations between treatment administered, ADA incidence, and treatment outcomes.
methodsEmbase
resultsAfter screening 4160 records and reviewing 97 full publications, a total of 34 publications reporting on 68 trials were included. A further 41 relevant clinical trials were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov and a further 32 from searches of packaging inserts. In total, 141 relevant trials covering 15 different checkpoint inhibitors and 16 different tumor types were included. Across the included trials, atezolizumab was associated with the highest incidence of ADAs (29.6% of 639 patients), followed by nivolumab (11.2% of 2,085 patients). Combination checkpoint inhibitor treatment appeared to increase the rate of ADAs versus monotherapy. Only 17 trials reported on the impact of ADAs on treatment outcomes with mixed results for the impact of ADAs on treatment efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics.
conclusionsCheckpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are immunogenic, with the incidence of treatment-emergent ADAs varying between individual therapies. It remains unclear what impact ADAs have on treatment outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.