ArticleDiabetes care2024
Interleukin-6, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Biracial Cohort: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort.
Article in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals lipid/metabolite dysregulation and temporal decoupling in disease progression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Adipose Tissue and Liver Dysfunction in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Article
- Mediating role of Interleukin-6 in the predictive association of diabetes with Hippocampus atrophy, Amyloid, Tau, and Neurofilament pathology at pre-clinical stages of diabetes-related cognitive impairment.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of diet induced obesity and glucolipid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Association of the dietary inflammation index with the prevalence of stroke in patients with diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Inflammatory Markers in Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged Women: A Focus on TNF-α and IL-6.Metabolites · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBlack Americans have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes than White Americans. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in diabetes pathogenesis, and IL-6 levels are higher in Black individuals. This study investigated associations of IL-6 with incident diabetes and metabolic syndrome in a biracial cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study enrolled 30,239 Black and White adults age ≥45 years in 2003-2007, with a follow-up ∼9.5 years later. Baseline plasma IL-6 was measured in 3,399 participants at risk of incident diabetes and 1,871 at risk of metabolic syndrome. Relative risk (RR) by IL-6 was estimated with modified Poisson regression for both groups.
resultsIncident diabetes occurred in 14% and metabolic syndrome in 20%; both rates rose across IL-6 quartiles. There was a three-way interaction of IL-6, race, and central adiposity for incident diabetes (P = 8 × 10-5). In Black participants with and without central adiposity, RRs were 2.02 (95% CI 1.00-4.07) and 1.66 (1.00-2.75) for the fourth compared with first IL-6 quartile, respectively. The corresponding RRs were 1.73 (0.92-3.26) and 2.34 (1.17-4.66) in White participants. The pattern was similar for IL-6 and metabolic syndrome.
conclusionsAlthough IL-6 was higher in Black than in White participants and those with central adiposity, the association of IL-6 with diabetes risk was statistically significant only among White participants without central adiposity. The association with metabolic syndrome risk was similarly stronger in low-risk groups. The results support the concept of interventions to lower inflammation in diabetes prevention, but to reduce race disparities, better biomarkers are needed.
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