ArticleClinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2024
The general factor of psychopathology (p): Choosing among competing models and interpreting p.
Article in Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurological and biological correlations of ODD with ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between disordered eating and psychosis in clinical and non-clinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Establishing a transdiagnostic dimension of early childhood depressive symptoms using the Preschool Feelings Checklist-Scale.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Co-developmental trajectories of emotional symptoms and peer problems from childhood to adolescence: associations with positive and negative mental health outcomes.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Dysregulation Profile and Substance Use: Investigating Their Co-Variation From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.Emerging adulthood (Print) · 2026Article
- Disentangling shared and unique effects of parenting on psychopathology: Evidence from two prospective, genetically sensitive cohort studies.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Mentalizing difficulties are transdiagnostic and explain links between mental health and neurodevelopmental symptoms and social adjustment in school-aged children.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Integrating Ultimate and Proximate Explanations of Neurodivergence: Evolutionary Trade-Offs, Compensation, and Clinical Expression.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Isolating transdiagnostic effects reveals specific genetic profiles in psychiatric disorders.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Why psychopathology research should avoid studying one mental disorder at a time: An intergenerational and developmental evidence base for understanding "p".Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Review
- Locus coeruleus modulation of neurophysiological sensory selectivity differs in autism and other mental health conditions.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Automated Inference of Social Anxiety From Behavior in Social Virtual Reality: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- Development and Comparability of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptom Spectra From Adolescence to Young Adulthood.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Cognitive arbitration between candidate dimensions of psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of negative affectivity in the developmental pathway linking perinatal complications to behavioral and emotional problems in children.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Pathology of the self: a network analysis of personality functioning, narcissistic vulnerability, mentalizing, and epistemic trust across trauma profiles.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2026Article
- Personality functioning as a pathway from childhood trauma to substance use in clinical and community samples.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Quantifying spectral information and redundancy in high-dimensional personality taxonomies: an entropy-based approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Mapping sleep disturbance and nap desire to dimensions of psychopathology in U.S. adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- PTSD and suPAR: A multicohort investigation of chronic inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the general factor of psychopathology, p, has attracted interest and scrutiny. We review the history of the idea that all mental disorders share something in common, p; how we arrived at this idea; and how it became conflated with a statistical representation, the Bi-Factor Model. We then leverage the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) longitudinal twin study to examine the properties and nomological network of different statistical representations of p. We find that p performed similarly regardless of how it was modelled, suggesting that if the sample and content are the same the resulting p factor will be similar. We suggest that the meaning of p is not to be found by dueling over statistical models but by conducting well-specified criterion-validation studies and developing new measurement approaches. We outline new directions to refresh research efforts to uncover what all mental disorders have in common.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.