Navigating ethical challenges in psychological research involving digital remote technologies and people who use alcohol or drugs.

Digital and remote technologies (DRT) are increasingly being used in scientific investigations to objectively measure human behavior during day-to-day activities. Using these devices, psychologists and other behavioral scientists can investigate health risk behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use, by closely examining the causes and consequences of monitored behaviors as they occur naturalistically. There are, however, complex ethical issues that emerge when using DRT methodologies in research with people who use substances. These issues must be identified and addressed so DRT devices can be incorporated into psychological research with this population in a manner that comports the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association. In this article, we discuss the ethical ramifications of using DRT in behavioral studies with people who use substances. Drawing on allied fields with similar ethical issues, we make recommendations to researchers who wish to incorporate DRT into their own research. Major topics include (a) threats to and methods for protecting participant and nonparticipant privacy, (b) shortcomings of traditional informed consent in DRT research, (c) researcher liabilities introduced by real-time continuous data collection, (d) threats to distributive justice arising from computational tools often used to manage and analyze DRT data, and (e) ethical implications of the "digital divide." We conclude with a more optimistic discussion of how DRT may provide safer alternatives to gold standard paradigms in substance use research, allowing researchers to test hypotheses that were previously prohibited on ethical grounds. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).