ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2024
Androgen deficiency is associated with a better prognosis in glioblastoma.
Article in European journal of medical research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developmental determinants of male bias in medulloblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Androgen receptor expression in glioblastoma: molecular profiling and association with tumor burden.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Gender- and Grade-Dependent Activation of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas: Epigenetic Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- GLIO-Select: Machine Learning-Based Feature Selection and Weighting of Tissue and Serum Proteomic and Metabolomic Data Uncovers Sex Differences in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The language of glioblastoma: A tale of cytokines and sex hormones communication.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma; however, the implications of circulating testosterone levels in the biology of glioblastoma remain unknown.
aimThis study aimed to analyze the association between circulating testosterone levels and the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma.
methodsForty patients with primary glioblastoma were included in the study. The main prognostic endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Circulating testosterone levels were used to determine the state of androgen deficiency (AD). AR expression was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
resultsMost of the patients showed AR expression, and it was mainly located in the cytoplasm, as well as in the nucleus of tumor cells. Patients with AD presented a better PFS than those patients with normal levels (252.0 vs. 135.0 days; p = 0.041). Furthermore, normal androgenic status was an independent risk factor for progression in a multivariate regression model (hazard ratio = 6.346; p = 0.004).
conclusionCirculating testosterone levels are associated with the prognosis of glioblastoma because patients with AD show a better prognosis than those with normal androgenic status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.