ArticleScientific reports2024
Periodontal ligament cells-derived exosomes promote osteoclast differentiation via modulating macrophage polarization.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Navigating a thorny path: oral nanomedicines for the precision management of radiation-induced intestinal injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The macrophage polarization-ferroptosis axis as a therapeutically targetable immunometabolic framework in periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Bone Infection: Mechanisms of Action, Engineering Strategies, and Translational Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Long-term Western diet feeding impairs hepatic vitamin D metabolism and promotes bone loss in mice.EXCLI journal · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles at the periodontal immune-regenerative interface: coupled mechanisms and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New Insight into Bone Immunity in Marrow Cavity and Cancellous Bone Microenvironments and Their Regulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of exosomes in periodontal regeneration: Immunomodulatory and tissue-repair mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that exosomes (Exos) are involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. However, the characteristics as well as roles of exosomes from human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs-Exos) in M1/M2 macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation remain unclear. Here, periodontal ligament cells were successfully extracted by method of improved Type-I collagen enzyme digestion. hPDLCs-Exos were extracted by ultracentrifugation. hPDLCs-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting (WB). Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), WB and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. M1/M2 macrophage polarization were evaluated by RT-qPCR and WB. The results showed hPDLCs-Exos promoted osteoclast differentiation and M2 macrophage polarization, but inhibited M1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, M1 macrophages inhibited osteoclast differentiation, whereas M2 macrophages promoted osteoclast differentiation. It has shown that hPDLCs-Exos promoted osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting M1 and promoting M2 macrophage polarization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.