ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2024
Association of Neighborhood Opportunity With Severity of Retinoblastoma at Presentation.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Child Opportunity Index and Children's Health: A Meta-Analysis.Pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Multiple Logistic Regression Models for Identifying Factors Associated With Mortality Among Children With Retinoblastoma in Malaysia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association of Childhood Neighborhood Opportunity With Retinopathy of Prematurity.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the relationship between the Child Opportunity Index (COI) and severity of retinoblastoma at presentation.
designCross-sectional study.
methodsChildren (age <18 years) treated for retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center between January 2000 and May 2023 were included. Residential census tract was used to determine the overall and domain-specific COI score for each child. Collected variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) Group at initial examination. The primary outcome was Group D or E retinoblastoma at presentation. Mixed effects regression models were used to estimate the association of COI scores with disease severity at presentation.
resultsThis study included 125 children (51.2% male). Median age at diagnosis was 13 months (IQR, 5-24 months). One hundred nine (87.2%) children presented with Group D or E retinoblastoma and 33 (26.4%) resided in low or very low opportunity neighborhoods. Children residing in neighborhoods with low overall COI scores (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01-2.58; P = .044) and low education COI scores (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.13-2.79; P = .013) were at increased odds of presenting with ICRB Group D or E retinoblastoma after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic factors.
conclusionChildren residing in low opportunity neighborhoods-particularly low education opportunity-more often presented with advanced stage retinoblastoma than children residing in neighborhoods with higher opportunity scores. Efforts to improve preventative vision care and access to eye specialty care for children residing in low-resource areas are needed to reduce existing disparities in retinoblastoma.
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