ArticleJournal of agricultural and food chemistry2024
Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Sulfate and Glucuronide Metabolites after the Oral Administration of Table Olives to Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Article in Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxytyrosol as a Multitarget Neuroprotective Agent: Molecular Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolics in IBD-Associated Vascular Risk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Novel Ingredients: Hydroxytyrosol as a Neuroprotective Agent; What Is New on the Horizon?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydroxytyrosol Bioavailability: Unraveling Influencing Factors and Optimization Strategies for Dietary Supplements.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Hydroxytyrosol and Brain Tumors: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Optimization of a Sonotrode Extraction Method and New Insight of Phenolic Composition ofMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Natural Antioxidants in Salmon Aquaculture: Processing Fate, Tissue Deposition, and Oxidative Protection.Aquaculture nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites were characterized following oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats of 3.85 and 7.70 g of destoned Arbequina table olives/kg. Plasma samples were analyzed using a fully validated method consisting of liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Noncompartmental PK analysis of hydroxytyrosol demonstrated linear PK between doses of 2.95 and 5.85 mg hydroxytyrosol/kg. Half-life was approximately 2.5 h, while mean residence time was around 4 h. Clearance occurred by conversion to two sulfate and two glucuronide conjugates. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios of metabolites versus parent hydroxytyrosol was approximately 7-9-fold for the sulfate and below 0.25 for the glucuronide, indicating sulfation as the predominant metabolic pathway. Despite extensive metabolism, hydroxytyrosol remained in plasma for up to 8 h with AUCs of 4293 and 8919 min·nmol/L for the doses of 3.85 and 7.70 g/kg, respectively. Therefore, table olives provide a more sustained plasma profile than other foods containing hydroxytyrosol, which may enhance its health-protecting activities.
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Registered trials
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