SynthesisGastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association2024
Dose-response association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the effect of cigarettes smoking on oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response relationships.European journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the health-related outcomes for traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heat-not-burn cigarettes and snus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology task force recommendations on surveillance forGut · 2026Guideline
- Gastroesophageal disease risk and inhalational exposure a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for pneumonia after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking and oral and pharyngeal cancer: a meta-analysis.Oncology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- Adherence to pro-vegetarian dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk: a pooled analysis of the StoP Consortium.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Associations of bilirubin, albumin, and the ALBI index with gastric cancer risk: a smoking-stratified prospective cohort study in men.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Airborne Particulate Matter as an Emerging Driver of Gastric Carcinogenesis: Molecular Pathways Linking Inflammation and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Real-world insights into young-onset gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an all-Ireland population-based cancer registry analysis.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- A novel risk stratification strategy for precision prevention of gastric cancer based on clinicopathological features and IGFBP7.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinico-epidemiological Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-naïve Undifferentiated Gastric Cancer.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Diet Quality and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in High-Risk Regions of Fujian Province, China.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Age-stratified risk analysis of gastric cancer: a retrospective hospital-based study of helicobacter pylori, smoking, and dietary patterns in South China across three age groups.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Smoking-attributable gastrointestinal cancer burden in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) and Associated Economies: A Global Burden of Disease study analysis 1990Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Beyond Incidence and Mortality: Socioeconomic Mediation of Gastric Cancer Disparities in the United States, 1990-2021.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Analysis of differences between early-onset and late-onset early gastric cancer treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of gastric cancer attributable to smoking and a high-sodium diet from 1990 to 2021: a global burden of disease study 2021.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Global Epidemiology of Smoking and Liver Cancer from 1990 to 2021.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study aims at providing an accurate and up-to-date quantification of the dose-response association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer (GC) risk, overall and by subsite. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies on the association between cigarette smoking and GC risk published up to January 2023. We estimated pooled relative risks (RR) of GC and its subsites according to smoking status, intensity, duration, and time since quitting. Among 271 eligible articles, 205 original studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with never smokers, the pooled RR for GC was 1.53 (95% confidence interval; CI 1.44-1.62; n = 92) for current and 1.30 (95% CI 1.23-1.37; n = 82) for former smokers. The RR for current compared with never smokers was 2.08 (95% CI 1.66-2.61; n = 21) for gastric cardia and 1.48 (95% CI 1.33-1.66; n = 8) for distal stomach cancer. GC risk nonlinearly increased with smoking intensity up to 20 cigarettes/day (RR:1.69; 95% CI 1.55-1.84) and levelled thereafter. GC risk significantly increased linearly with increasing smoking duration (RR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.25-1.37 for 20 years) and significantly decreased linearly with increasing time since quitting (RR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.44-0.95 for 30 years since cessation). The present meta-analysis confirms that cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for GC, particularly for gastric cardia. GC risk increases with a low number of cigarettes up to 20 cigarettes/day and increases in a dose-dependent manner with smoking duration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.