ReviewBreathe (Sheffield, England)2023
Diagnosis and management of pleural infection.
Review in Breathe (Sheffield, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of intrapleural fibrinolytic and deoxyribonuclease therapy in pleural infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- A rare complication of pleural drainage: Communicating lung and subcutaneous abscesses.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Surgical Treatment of Tuberculous Pleural Empyema in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Local management of pleural infection: a narrative review.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Automated Analysis for Pleural Effusion Detection on Thoracic Ultrasound: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Culture-Confirmed Severe Methicillin-SusceptibleInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- A Practical Approach to Pleural Infection.Pulmonary therapy · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase gene distribution among clinical isolates: a two-year cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chest drainage or repeated thoracentesis for pleural infections: a clinical dilemma.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Coexisting bilateral tracheal bronchi and accessory cardiac bronchus complicated with pneumonia and empyema: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of pleural fluid microbiological positivity in pleural infection: a bicentric 10-year retrospective observational study.Respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Evaluating the feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity of next-generation molecular methods for pleural infection diagnosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Observational
- Chest Tubes and Pleural Drainage: History and Current Status in Pleural Disease Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Infective Pleural Effusions-A Comprehensive Narrative Review Article.Clinics and practice · 2024Review
- Diagnosing and managing pleural disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pleural infection remains a medical challenge. Although closed tube drainage revolutionised treatment in the 19th century, pleural infection still poses a significant health burden with increasing incidence. Diagnosis presents challenges due to non-specific clinical presenting features. Imaging techniques such as chest radiographs, thoracic ultrasound and computed tomography scans aid diagnosis. Pleural fluid analysis, the gold standard, involves assessing gross appearance, biochemical markers and microbiology. Novel biomarkers such as suPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) show promise in diagnosis and prognosis, and microbiology demonstrates complex microbial diversity and is associated with outcomes. The management of pleural infection involves antibiotic therapy, chest drain insertion, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and surgery. Antibiotic therapy relies on empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics based on local policies, infection setting and resistance patterns. Chest drain insertion is the mainstay of management, and use of intrapleural fibrinolytics facilitates effective drainage. Surgical interventions such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and decortication are considered in cases not responding to medical therapy. Risk stratification tools such as the RAPID (renal, age, purulence, infection source and dietary factors) score may help guide tailored management. The roles of other modalities such as local anaesthetic medical thoracoscopy and intrapleural antibiotics are debated. Ongoing research aims to improve outcomes by matching interventions with risk profile and to better understand the development of disease.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.