ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2024
Subjective Experiences of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Nursing in Transgender Men and Non-Binary Individuals: A Qualitative Analysis of Gender and Mental Health Concerns.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sexual and gender minority parents' experiences of lactation: a meta-ethnographic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Pooled it
- Transmasculine pregnancy-Occurrence, associations, and outcomes: A quantitative systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Breastfeeding infants with CHD: an evidence summary and recommendations from the Cardiac Newborn Neuroprotective Network, a special interest group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.Cardiology in the young · 2025Guideline
- Gender Inclusivity and Exclusivity in US Hospitals' Online Obstetrics, Labor and Delivery, and Pregnancy-Related Resources: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- "They Didn't Know How to Support Me": The Experiences of Transgender Men and Non-Binary People With Chestfeeding.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Article
- Structural stigma, parenthood patterns and depressive symptoms among transgender and gender diverse individuals across 30 countries in Europe.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- LGBTQ+ Couples' Sexual Health Experiences During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Qualitative Survey Study.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026Article
- Birthing beyond the binary: An interpretative Phenomenological analysis of perinatal mental health experiences among genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of how gender-diverse individuals experience pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing remain few, mainly focus on the US and contain scarce information about mental health concerns peri-partum. This hinders informed reproductive health decisions and counseling. We used in-depth interviews to examine how gestational gender-diverse individuals in Sweden experience the process of planning and undergoing pregnancy, delivery, and nursing. In total, 12 participants, identifying on the masculine side of the gender spectrum or as non-binary, who had attended Swedish antenatal care and delivered a live birth, were included in the study. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis. The analysis resulted in one overarching theme: sustaining gender congruence during pregnancy and three main categories: (1) considering pregnancy; (2) undergoing pregnancy and childbirth; and (3) postnatal reflections. The association between childbearing and being regarded as female permeated narratives. Participants renegotiated the feminine connotations of pregnancy, accessed gender-affirming treatment, and concealed their pregnancy to safeguard their gender congruence. Mis-gendering and breast enlargement triggered gender dysphoria. Social judgment, loneliness, information shortages, hormonal influence and cessation of testosterone increased gender dysphoria and strained their mental health. Depression exacerbated gender dysphoria and made it harder to claim one's gender identity. Dissociation was used to handle a feminized body, vaginal delivery, and nursing. Pregnancy was easier to envision and handle after masculinizing gender-affirming treatments. The results deepen the understanding of gender dysphoria and may be used to inform reproductive counseling and healthcare development. Research outcomes on mental health concerns provide a basis for further research.
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