Trial reportNature medicine2024
Connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study With Six-Month Follow-Up.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- fMRI-guided V1-targeted rTMS improves depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Structural-functional multilayer brain network properties and outcome of combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Trial
- A sequential dual-site repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Individualizing rTMS in treatment-resistant depression from patient-specific perfusion abnormalities a proof-of-concept randomized trial in comparison to standard rTMS and tDCS.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Theta burst stimulation with 80 and 120% resting motor threshold do not differ in their antidepressant efficacy: a retrospective analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Functional connectivity correlates of reaction time variability in treatment-resistant major depression.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping the Disrupted Connectome in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Network-Based Statistics Study Identifying Novel Therapeutic Targets for Neuromodulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Identifying neural oscillation and phase synchronization abnormalities in migraine and their predictive values in transcranial magnetic stimulation.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- The Heart's Electromagnetic Field in Emotions, Empathy and Human Connection: Biosensor-Derived Insights into Heart-Brain Axis Mechanisms and a Basis for Novel BioMagnetoTherapies.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling state-specific neural dynamics in migraine with and without depressive symptom: a hidden Markov model and interpretable machine learning approach.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- High dosage accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation without precision targeting and dosing in depression: an open-label pilot study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Test-retest reliability and symptom association of personalized depression TMS targets: A comparative study of refined seed-based (RSA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA) approaches.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- A programmable bioresorbable electrochemical microneedle sensor array for perioperative monitoring of organ health.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- The applications of TMS in brain function assessment and treatment of mental disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Disruption in reciprocal connectivity between the right anterior insula and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with depression and may be a target for neuromodulation. In a five-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial we personalized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigated connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation (cgiTBS) at a site based on effective connectivity from the right anterior insula to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We tested its efficacy in reducing the primary outcome depression symptoms measured by the GRID Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item over 8, 16 and 26 weeks, compared with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered at the standard stimulation site (F3) in patients with 'treatment-resistant depression'. Participants were randomly assigned to 20 sessions over 4-6 weeks of either cgiTBS (n = 128) or rTMS (n = 127) with resting-state functional MRI at baseline and 16 weeks. Persistent decreases in depressive symptoms were seen over 26 weeks, with no differences between arms on the primary outcome GRID Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item score (intention-to-treat adjusted mean, -0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.87, 1.24, P = 0.689). Two serious adverse events were possibly related to TMS (mania and psychosis). MRI-neuronavigated cgiTBS and rTMS were equally effective in patients with treatment-resistant depression over 26 weeks (trial registration no. ISRCTN19674644).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.