ArticleInternational dental journal2024
A Comparative Study of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ishihara Test With Various Displays.
Article in International dental journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Computerized Full-Color Assessment for Distinguishing Color Vision Deficiency.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing Ishihara and educational images using machine learning: toward accessible learning for colorblind individuals.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Response of Patients with Color Vision Defects to Worth 4-Dot and Duochrome Tests.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Visual Tooth Color Determination with Different Reference Scales as an Exercise in Dental Students' Education.Dentistry journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVisual colour differentiation in clinical research requires colour-competent (CC) participants. The Ishihara colour charts (ICC) have established themselves as the standard for CC screening of colour vision deficiencies (CVD). However, the extent to which the results can be compared with a presentation of the colour charts on a smartphone display (SD) is currently unknown. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Ishihara colour deficiency test depending on the presentation mode.
methodsDental students (female n = 28; male n = 10; mean age, 23.5 ± 2.65 years; median age, 23.0 ± 13.0 years) evaluated 25 Ishihara test plates on their SD (n = 38) and/or a calibrated monitor (HP monitor, 22-inch; n = 18). The median size of the SD was 6.0 inches. Datasets with more than 2 failed charts were scored.
resultsWhen the Ishihara test charts were presented on a PC screen, the sensitivity was 94.4% and the specificity was 82.4% (0 mistakes: n = 14, <3 failures: n = 3, 14 false answers: n = 1). On the SD, a sensitivity of 96.0% and a specificity of 94.7% were calculated (89.5% were correct; 4 participants [10.5%] made <3 errors; and 1 participant made 21 errors). No significant difference between display modi (PC vs SD) was evaluated (P > .05).
conclusionsThe presentation of ICC on an SD is useful and can be used for the investigation of a possible CVD of large groups. Comparable results to data projection can be achieved with a high degree of certainty. For CVD screening of larger groups (eg, students in preclinical training as part of CC training), the presentation of ICC on the SD can be used. This research was able to demonstrate that the sensitivity and specificity of the usual presentation method (Ishihara's booklet or data projection) is comparable.
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