ReviewInternational immunology2024
Recent advances in the epithelial barrier theory.
Review in International immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07271381 (THREAT), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
THREAT: Testing Harms Related to Exposure to Allergenic and Epithelial Toxins
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of microplastics on the mice gut microbiome: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pathways of Epithelial Barrier Breakdown and Remodeling in Esophageal Organoids by Commonly Used Surfactants.Allergy · 2026Article
- Common Food Emulsifiers Impair Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Trigger Pro-Inflammatory Responses and IgE Production.Allergy · 2026Article
- Emerging antimicrobial peptides in gastrointestinal disorders: Dual role in immunity and therapy.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Biofilm Exoproteins From Staphylococcus Species Impede Re-Epithelialization of Nasal Epithelial Cells During Wound Healing and Cease Ciliary Beat Frequency.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- IgE-mediated food allergy and upper urinary tract disorders in children: A matched study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Staphylococcus aureus Augments Epithelial Skin Barrier Damage Through T Cell Activation in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma.Allergy · 2026Article
- Oral Barrier Immunometabolism in Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Systemic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Combined Exposure to Ragweed and House Dust Mite Exacerbates Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction: A Multimodal Approach.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Exposome on Epithelial Barriers: New Approach Methodologies for Translational Research.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Dysregulation of the NKX2-1/SPDEF Axis Drives Persistent Goblet Cell Differentiation and Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Treating acute respiratory distress syndrome with a multifaceted nanomedicine: Inhibition of PANoptosis and enhancement of lung barrier integrity.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Plant-derived betaine enhances barrier integrity and immune responses in canine intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages under endotoxin challenge.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- New-onset allergic diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection: mechanistic hypotheses and emerging strategies for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The impact of the six pillars of lifestyle medicine on the biology of skin aging.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Review
- Role of biomarkers in predicting disease severity in acute dengue and SARs-CoV-2-Infected patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Utility of in Vivo and Ex-vivo Models in Food Allergy Research: Lessons for Shrimp Allergy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The epithelial barrier theory links the recent rise in chronic non-communicable diseases, notably autoimmune and allergic disorders, to environmental agents disrupting the epithelial barrier. Global pollution and environmental toxic agent exposure have worsened over six decades because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, and industrialization, affecting human health. Introducing new chemicals without any reasonable control of their health effects through these years has led to documented adverse effects, especially on the skin and mucosal epithelial barriers. These substances, such as particulate matter, detergents, surfactants, food emulsifiers, micro- and nano-plastics, diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, and ozone, have been shown to compromise the epithelial barrier integrity. This disruption is linked to the opening of the tight-junction barriers, inflammation, cell death, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation. Consideration must be given to the interplay of toxic substances, underlying inflammatory diseases, and medications, especially in affected tissues. This review article discusses the detrimental effect of environmental barrier-damaging compounds on human health and involves cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.