ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2024
Contralateral second dose improves antibody responses to a 2-dose mRNA vaccination regimen.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Responses to Live-Attenuated Prime-Boost Vaccination Are Independent of Injection Site in Calves.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Innovation in active and passive immunisation of people who are immunocompromised: a call to action.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Enhancing tuberculosis vaccine efficacy with a heterologous mRNA-ChAdOx1 prime-pull strategy targeting lung-resident memory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Review of the Effects of Ipsilateral or Contralateral Vaccine Boosting on the Adaptive Immune Response.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Antibody responses to feline leukaemia vaccination: exploring the effect of sex, boosting schedule, site of administration and vaccine type.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Clonal expansion and diversification of germinal center and memory B cell responses to booster immunization in primates.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Rational adjuvant selection for the neonatal period shapes unique and lasting immune polarization in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Clonal Expansion and Diversification of Germinal Center and Memory B Cell Responses to Booster Immunization in Primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Extended Dosing Intervals and Ipsilateral Versus Contralateral Boosting on mRNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Pseudotyped Viruses: A Useful Platform for Pre-Clinical Studies Conducted in a BSL-2 Laboratory Setting.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Advanced technologies for the development of infectious disease vaccines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Ipsilateral and contralateral coadministration of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines produce similar antibody responses.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Contralateral versus ipsilateral vaccine boosting for COVID-19: considering the broader scientific landscape.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDVaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination, but this factor may substantially affect downstream immune responses.METHODSWe assessed serological responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination in baseline seronegative adults who received second-dose boosters in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm relative to initial vaccination. We measured serum SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific Ig, receptor-binding domain-specific (RBD-specific) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific IgG, and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.D614G (early strain) and SARS-CoV-2.B.1.1.529 (Omicron) at approximately 0.6, 8, and 14 months after boosting.RESULTSIn 947 individuals, contralateral boosting was associated with higher spike-specific serum Ig, and this effect increased over time, from a 1.1-fold to a 1.4-fold increase by 14 months (P < 0.001). A similar pattern was seen for RBD-specific IgG. Among 54 pairs matched for age, sex, and relevant time intervals, arm groups had similar antibody levels at study visit 2 (W2), but contralateral boosting resulted in significantly higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers at W3 and W4, with progressive increase over time, ranging from 1.3-fold (total Ig, P = 0.007) to 4.0-fold (pseudovirus neutralization to B.1.1.529, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn previously unexposed adults receiving an initial vaccine series with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, contralateral boosting substantially increases antibody magnitude and breadth at times beyond 3 weeks after vaccination. This effect should be considered during arm selection in the context of multidose vaccine regimens.FUNDINGM.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, OHSU Foundation, NIH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.