The success rate and complications of midline catheters in pediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT).

The use of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for children has several advantages, including reduced length of hospital stay and costs. A reliable vascular access is key to delivering safe and effective pediatric OPAT. In recent years, midline catheters (MC) have been increasingly used for short-term intravenous antibiotic therapy in children. However, there are no studies investigating the use of MCs in the OPAT setting. The main aim of this paper was to evaluate the success and complications of using MCs for pediatric OPAT. This was a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary academic pediatric hospital. All MCs inserted at the hospital and used for OPAT were eligible for study inclusion. The primary objective was to describe the percentage of patients able to complete OPAT without the need for additional venous access. Forty-one MCs were included in the study. Patient mean (SD) age was 5.9 (4.9) years. In 31 cases (76%, 95% CI 62-86%), the iv therapy could be successfully completed using only the MC. Imbalances between the groups suggested unfavorable outcome for saphenous vein catheters as well as for shorter and smaller-sized catheters. Fourteen patients (34%) were subjected to a MC-related complication. Pain on injection in the MC was the most frequent complication (n = 10, 24%).    Conclusion: Midline catheters could be an alternative to central venous access for pediatric OPAT. Avoiding saphenous vein insertion and using longer and larger-sized catheters could increase MC success rate. No severe MC-related complication was found. Further randomized studies comparing different catheter types are needed. What is Known: • For selected patients, pediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is safe and provides health-economic, psychosocial, and medical advantages compared to in-hospital care. • A reliable venous access is one of the key factors to the success of OPAT, but this can be a challenge in children. What is New: • Using midline catheters, 76% of patients could complete their intended iv therapy without the need for additional venous access. Avoiding saphenous vein insertion and using longer and larger-sized catheters could increase the success rate. • Thirty-four percent of catheters were subject to some kind of complication, the most common being pain on injection in the catheter.