ReviewNature human behaviour2024
Beyond the factor indeterminacy problem using genome-wide association data.
Review in Nature human behaviour, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Ultra-Fast Implementation of Multivariate GWAS in Genomic SEM Using Flexible Analytic Estimation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- In praise of scientific open relationships: Commentary on Caspi et al. (2026).Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Symptom-specific genetics reveal heterogeneity within major depressive disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Pleiotropic Architecture of Impulsivity and Its Links to Psychopathology and Neurodevelopment.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Personality Genomics.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- On the psychometric properties and genomic etiology of the general factor of psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- A Multivariate Genomic Investigation of the Externalizing Spectrum and Suicide Risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Transdiagnostic Polygenic Risk Models for Psychopathology and Comorbidity: Cross-Ancestry Analysis in themedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Twin modelling reveals partly distinct genetic pathways to music enjoyment.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Latent factors, such as general intelligence, depression and risk tolerance, are invoked in nearly all social science research where a construct is measured via aggregation of symptoms, question responses or other measurements. Because latent factors cannot be directly observed, they are inferred by fitting a specific model to empirical patterns of correlations among measured variables. A long-standing critique of latent factor theories is that the correlations used to infer latent factors can be produced by alternative data-generating mechanisms that do not include latent factors. This is referred to as the factor indeterminacy problem. Researchers have recently begun to overcome this problem by using information on the associations between individual genetic variants and measured variables. We review historical work on the factor indeterminacy problem and describe recent efforts in genomics to rigorously test the validity of latent factors, advancing the understanding of behavioural science constructs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.