Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38224978›Full record

ReviewEndocrine reviews2024

The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.

Julio Rosenstock, Rattan Juneja, John M Beals, Julie S Moyers, Liza Ilag, Rory J McCrimmon

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
22.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Article
  16. Use of Fixed Ratio Combinations to Improve Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Experts' Opinion from the Gulf Region.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. EndoBridge 2024: pearls and highlights.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Julio RosenstockVelocity Clinical Research at Medical City, Dallas, TX 75230, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8324-3275
Rattan JunejaLilly Diabetes and Obesity, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
John M BealsLilly Diabetes and Obesity, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
Julie S MoyersLilly Diabetes and Obesity, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
Liza IlagLilly Diabetes and Obesity, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
Rory J McCrimmonSchool of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
Eli Lilly (United States) · USUniversity of Dundee · GBVelocity Clinical Research (United States) · US

Funding

Eli Lilly and Company
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Basal insulin continues to be a vital part of therapy for many people with diabetes. First attempts to prolong the duration of insulin formulations were through the development of suspensions that required homogenization prior to injection. These insulins, which required once- or twice-daily injections, introduced wide variations in insulin exposure contributing to unpredictable effects on glycemia. Advances over the last 2 decades have resulted in long-acting, soluble basal insulin analogues with prolonged and less variable pharmacokinetic exposure, improving their efficacy and safety, notably by reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia. However, adherence and persistence with once-daily basal insulin treatment remains low for many reasons including hypoglycemia concerns and treatment burden. A soluble basal insulin with a longer and flatter exposure profile could reduce pharmacodynamic variability, potentially reducing hypoglycemia, have similar efficacy to once-daily basal insulins, simplify dosing regimens, and improve treatment adherence. Insulin icodec (Novo Nordisk) and insulin efsitora alfa (basal insulin Fc [BIF], Eli Lilly and Company) are 2 such insulins designed for once-weekly administration, which have the potential to provide a further advance in basal insulin replacement. Icodec and efsitora phase 2 clinical trials, as well as data from the phase 3 icodec program indicate that once-weekly insulins provide comparable glycemic control to once-daily analogues, with a similar risk of hypoglycemia. This manuscript details the technology used in the development of once-weekly basal insulins. It highlights the clinical rationale and potential benefits of these weekly insulins while also discussing the limitations and challenges these molecules could pose in clinical practice.

Indexed as

Hypoglycemic AgentsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Administration ScheduleHumansHypoglycemiaInsulinInsulin, Long-ActingHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin, Long-Actingbasal insulinhypoglycemiainsulin efsitorainsulin icodeconce-weekly insulinpeak-to-trough ratio

Identifiers

PMID38224978
PMCPMC11091825
OpenAlexW4390919591

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.