ArticleEndocrine2024
Thyroid gland: a rare site of metastasis.
Article in Endocrine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the thyroid gland: A case report and literature review.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Malignant melanoma presenting as a thyroid mass with synchronous retroperitoneal metastases in a 55-year-old male: a case report.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Non-thyroid Malignancies With Metastases to the Thyroid Gland: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.Cureus · 2025Article
- Thyroid lesions of neuroendocrine origin? Thinking of a "polka-dotted" zebra! Case series from three Italian referral centers and review of the literature.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Risk of Thyroid Tumors With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Thyroid metastases from breast cancer: a case report and brief literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeDespite its rich vascularity, metastasis (MTS) to the thyroid tissue is unusual, ranging from 1 to 3%. This entity is not usually considered as differential diagnosis and is not included in the upfront approach in patients with thyroid nodules. Once diagnosed, treatment is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnosis, treatment, and outcome at the end of follow-up in patients with a diagnosis of MTS to the thyroid.
methodsA retrospective multicenter study was designed from 1985 to 2022; 29 patients with MTS to the thyroid gland were included in the analysis.
resultsClinical presentation included the presence of a nodular goiter (65.5%), compression symptoms (17.2%), diffuse goiter (10.3%), and suspicious lymph nodes in the neck (7%). Primary tumor sites were: kidney (44.8%), breast (24.1%), lung (13.8%), neuroendocrine system (6.9%), colon (3.4%), cervix (3.4%), and ovary (3.4%). In 18/23 patients, suspicious ultrasound criteria for malignancy were described. Preoperative diagnosis was made in 23/27 patients by FNA and confirmed in 18 cases by immunohistochemistry. Seventeen patients underwent surgery. At the end of the follow-up, 19 patients had died of oncological disease, and six were alive (2/6 disease-free with isolated intrathyroidal MTS).
conclusionRenal carcinoma was the tumor that most frequently metastasized to the thyroid gland. Immunodiagnosis was a very useful tool for etiological confirmation. Patients with MTS to the thyroid gland as a unique site had a more favorable course compared to patients with multiple metastatic sites. Finally, outcomes and prognosis essentially depended on the biology of the primary tumor.
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