ReviewACS omega2024
Electrical Stimulation for Immunomodulation.
Review in ACS omega, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of low-frequency electrical stimulation in treating hemiplegic shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Electrical stimulation as an adjunctive therapy for diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- Ultrasound-activated trilayer piezoelectric bio-adhesive for rapid repair and antibacterial treatment of gastrointestinal perforation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Ternary mTOR-targeted conductive nanofibrous scaffolds with bioactive peptides orchestrate immune-metabolic-fibrotic balance for diabetic bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune-skin axis: Advanced functional biomaterials for intelligent wound management and regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Electrical Stimulation-Induced Modulation of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Therapy.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Review
- Engineered piezoelectric dressings advance cutaneous wound healing.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Immuno-engineered conductive hydrogels: Bridging neural signaling and microenvironmental remodeling for neural repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Electrical stimulation and stem cell subdural implantation decrease microglia reactivity after spinal cord injury.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Activated Metal-Organic Frameworks Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Promote Macrophage Inflammation.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Electroactive Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Highly Flexible and Conformable ZnO/FeGa Magnetoelectric Heterostructures for Skin wound Healing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Research Progress and Translational Perspectives of Piezoelectric Materials in Dental Implant Surface Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Electrical stimulation promotes longevity and regeneration in a colonial chordate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Recent advances in immunoregulatory biomaterials for tendon healing: From immune remodeling to functional regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Electroactive microneedle augmented stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advanced multifunctional thermo- and electro-stimulative hydrogels for bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A Tailorable and Transferable Flexible Patch for Simultaneous Electrostimulation and Electro-Controlled Drug Delivery in Wound Management.Small science · 2026Article
- Beyond graphene: the MXene era in bioprinting.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Adhesive-Electrocoupling Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration: Design, Mechanisms, and Perspectives.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in the development and progression of numerous diseases such as chronic wounds, autoimmune diseases, and various forms of cancer. Hence, controlling the behavior of immune cells has emerged as a promising approach for treating these diseases. Current modalities for immunomodulation focus on chemical based approaches, which while effective have the limitations of nonspecific systemic side effects or requiring invasive delivery approaches to reduce the systemic side effects. Recent advances have unraveled the significance of electrical stimulation as an attractive noninvasive approach to modulate immune cell phenotype and activity. This review provides insights on electrical stimulation strategies employed for regulating the behavior of macrophages, T and B cells, and neutrophils. For obtaining a better understanding, two major types of electrical stimulation sources, conventional and self-powered sources, that have been used for immunomodulation are extensively discussed. Next, the strategies of electrical stimulation that may be applied to cells in vitro and in vivo are discussed, with a focus on conventional and stimuli-responsive self-powered sources. A description of how these strategies influence the polarization, phagocytosis, migration, and differentiation of immune cells is also provided. Finally, recent developments in the use of highly localized and efficient platforms for electrical stimulation based immunomodulation are also highlighted.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.