Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38221993›Full record

ArticleResearch and reports in urology2024

The Prevalence and Association of Different Uropathogens Detected by M-PCR with Infection-Associated Urine Biomarkers in Urinary Tract Infections.

Emery Haley, Natalie Luke, Mohit Mathur, Richard A Festa, Jimin Wang, Yan Jiang, Lori A Anderson, David Baunoch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research and reports in urology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Urobiome or Urinary Tract Infection: A Mysterious Dilemma.International urogynecology journal · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Microbiologist in the Clinic: Antibiotic Dependent in her 30 s.International urogynecology journal · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emery HaleyDepartment of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4497-7601
Natalie LukeDepartment of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0732-3622
Mohit MathurDepartment of Medical Affairs, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Richard A FestaDepartment of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jimin WangDepartment of Statistical Analysis, Stat4Ward, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Yan JiangDepartment of Statistical Analysis, Stat4Ward, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Lori A AndersonL.Anderson Diagnostic Market Access Consulting, San Diego, CA, USA.
David BaunochDepartment of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Many emerging uropathogens are currently identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) in suspected UTI cases. Standard urine culture (SUC) has significantly lower detection rates, raising questions about whether these organisms are associated with UTIs and truly cause inflammation. Objective: To determine if microbes detected by M-PCR were likely causative of UTI by measuring inflammatory biomarkers in the urine of symptomatic patients. Design Setting and Participants: Midstream voided urine was collected from subjects ≥60 years presenting to urology clinics with symptoms of UTI (n = 1132) between 01/2023 and 05/2023. Microbe detection was by M-PCR and inflammation-associated biomarker (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 8, and interleukin 1β) was by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomarker positivity was measured against individual and groups of organisms, Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Distributions were compared using 2-sample Wilcoxon Rank Sum test with 2-tailed p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results and Limitations: M-PCR was positive in 823 (72.7%) specimens with 28 of 30 (93%) microorganisms/groups detected. Twenty-six of twenty-eight detected microorganisms/groups (93%) had ≥2 biomarkers positive in >66% of cases. Both non- Conclusion: The majority of microorganisms identified by M-PCR were associated with active inflammation measured by biomarker positivity, indicating they are likely causative of UTIs in symptomatic patients. This includes emerging uropathogens frequently not detected by standard urine culture.

Indexed as

diagnostic testingIL-1βIL-8M-PCRNGALUTI

Identifiers

PMID38221993
PMCPMC10787514

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.