ArticleScientific reports2024
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion and their cytotoxic responses against cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gamma Delta T Cells in Shrimp Allergy Express a Unique Cytotoxic Cytokine Profile.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
- Analysis of the tumor reactivity of autologous TILs and allogeneic γδ T cells via tumor organoid-immune cell coculture.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Role of gamma delta T cells in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Expansion strategies for Vδ2 γδT cells in cancer immunotherapy: Activation, cytokines, and culture conditions.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Identifying T-cell clubs by embracing the local harmony between TCR and gene expressions.Molecular systems biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes are regarded as promising effector cells for cancer immunotherapy since they have the ability to eliminate several tumor cells through non-peptide antigen recognition. However, the cytotoxic function and the mechanism of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells leading to specific killing of cholangiocarcinoma cells are yet to be confirmed. In this study, we established a protocol for ex vivo expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from healthy donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culture with zoledronate and addition of IL-2, and IL-15 or IL-18 or neither. Testing the cytotoxic capacity of cultured Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines showed higher reactivity than against control cells. Surface expression of CD107 was detected on the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, suggesting that these cells limit in vitro growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells via degranulation of the perforin and granzyme pathway. Analysis of molecular signaling was used to demonstrate expression of pro- and anti-survival genes and a panel of cytokine genes in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We found that in the presence of either IL-15 or IL-18, levels of caspase 3 were significantly reduced. Also, IL-15 and IL-18 stimulated cells contained cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma cells, suggesting that stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells may provide a feasible therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.
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