ArticleEnvironment international2024
Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.
Article in Environment international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessment of ovarian dysfunction induced by environmental toxins: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemicals with anogenital distance across infancy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Bisphenol S and female reproductive toxicity: a scoping review of human studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Mono(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Inflammatory and Angiogenic Alterations Mediated by the PI3K/AKT Pathway in HTR-8/SVneo Trophoblastic Cells.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Associations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) concentrations with birth outcomes in pregnant women from the Midwestern U.S.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Mapping of Determinants of Urinary Sex Steroid Metabolites During Late Pregnancy: Results from Two Spanish Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Gestational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals of Emerging Concern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Investigation of Sex-Specific and Trimester-Specific Associations.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism in Mice Has Transient Developmental Effects and Long-Term Consequences on Neuroendocrine Systems.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesPregnant women are exposed to numerous endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can affect hormonal pathways regulating pregnancy outcomes and fetal development. Thus, we evaluated overall and fetal sex-specific associations of phthalate/replacement, paraben, and phenol biomarkers with sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.
methodsIllinois women (n = 302) provided plasma for progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, free T4 (FT4), total T4 (TT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at median 17 weeks gestation. Women also provided up-to-five first-morning urine samples monthly across pregnancy (8-40 weeks), which we pooled to measure 19 phthalate/replacement metabolites (reflecting ten parent compounds), three parabens, and six phenols. We used linear regression to evaluate overall and fetal sex-specific associations of biomarkers with hormones, as well as weighted quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess cumulative associations, non-linearities, and chemical interactions.
resultsIn women of relatively high socioeconomic status, several EDC biomarkers were associated with select hormones, without cumulative or non-linear associations with progesterone, FT4, or TT4. The biomarker mixture was negatively associated with estradiol (only at higher biomarker concentrations using BKMR), testosterone, and TSH, where each 10% mixture increase was associated with -5.65% (95% CI: -9.79, -1.28) lower testosterone and -0.09 μIU/mL (95% CI: -0.20, 0.00) lower TSH. Associations with progesterone, testosterone, and FT4 did not differ by fetal sex. However, in women carrying females, we identified an inverted u-shaped relationship of the mixture with estradiol. Additionally, in women carrying females, each 10% increase in the mixture was associated with 1.50% (95% CI: -0.15, 3.18) higher TT4, whereas in women carrying males, the mixture was associated with -1.77% (95% CI: -4.08, 0.58) lower TT4 and -0.18 μIU/mL (95% CI: -0.33, -0.03) lower TSH. We also identified select chemical interactions.
conclusionSome biomarkers were associated with early-to-mid pregnancy hormones. There were some sex-specific and non-linear associations. Future studies could consider how these findings relate to pregnancy/birth outcomes.
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