Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2024
Independent association of history of diabetic foot with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study.
Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00715481 (Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)and Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease and Renal Outcome in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Italian Multicenter Study
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Dialysis-Dependent End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Outcomes and Mortality Risk.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Diabetic Foot Ulcers Are Clinical Marker of Disease Burden in People With Diabetes and Heart Failure.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Review
- Glucose-Responsive and Analgesic Gel for Diabetic Subcutaneous Abscess Treatment by Simultaneously Boosting Photodynamic Therapy and Relieving Hypoxia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in People With Diabetes-Related Neuropathic Foot to Their Counterparts Without a Foot Ulcer History: A Propensity Score Matching Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship between at-risk foot and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the population with diabetes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Correlation study on the risk of cardiovascular adverse events in diabetic foot patients based on machine learning - a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot and osteoporosis: evidence from a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Unravelling the cardio-renal-metabolic-foot connection in people with diabetes-related foot ulceration: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Vasculitis and infectious risk in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFoot ulcers and/or infections are common long-term complications of diabetes and are associated with increased mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease, though only a few studies have investigated the independent contribution of these events to risk of death. This study aimed at assessing the association of history of diabetic foot with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, other complications, and comorbidities.
methodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled 15,773 Caucasian patients in 19 Italian centers in the years 2006-2008. Prior lower extremity, coronary, and cerebrovascular events and major comorbidities were ascertained by medical records, diabetic retinopathy by fundoscopy, diabetic kidney disease by albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, cardiovascular risk factors by standard methods. All-cause mortality was retrieved for 15,656 patients on 31 October 2015.
resultsAt baseline, 892 patients (5.7%) had a history of diabetic foot, including ulcer/gangrene and/or amputation (n = 565; 3.58%), with (n = 126; 0.80%) or without (n = 439; 2.78%) lower limb revascularization, and revascularization alone (n = 330; 2.09%). History of diabetic foot was associated with all-cause death over a 7.42-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.502 [95% confidence interval, 1.346-1.676], p < 0.0001), independent of confounders, among which age, male sex, smoking, hemoglobin A
conclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, an history of diabetic foot event, including ulcer/gangrene, amputation, and lower limb revascularization, was associated with a ~ 50% increased risk of subsequent death, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, other complications and severe comorbidities, which were also significantly associated with mortality. The association with mortality was greatest for amputation, whereas that for revascularization alone was relatively modest.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, retrospectively registered 15 July, 2008.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.