ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2024
Parkinson's Disease Is Predominantly an Environmental Disease.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Enteric Nervous System Damage by Food Contaminants: A Pathway to Neurodegeneration?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Protecting Your Health and Brain Against Climate Change: An Information Page for Older Adults.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2025Guideline
- Classification and Genotype-Phenotype Relationships of GBA1 Variants: MDSGene Systematic Review.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the Potential Neurotoxic Links Between 6PPD/6PPD-Q and Parkinson's Disease Through Network Toxicology and Multi-Dimensional Bioinformatics Analysis.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- Healthy rural living: a misplaced optimism? : District-level agricultural index and Parkinson's disease risk in Austria.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Lasker~Bloomberg Public Service Award to Michael J. Fox: The challenge of Parkinson's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Atmospheric Aerosol Neurotoxicity and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Perspectives.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Chronic Paraquat Neurotoxicity and Dopaminergic Degeneration: A Mechanistic Review.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Review
- Evidence from three taxonomically distinct species for a non-AhR mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity of an environmentally derived mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental hazards and climate change: Unmasking Parkinson's hidden enemies.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Environmental determinants of Parkinson's disease and attributable burden in Latin America.Research square · 2026Article
- Household herbicide use is associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease and a younger age at onset in PPMI and Fox Insight cohorts.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Parkinson Disease Pathogenic Variants: Cross-Ancestry Analysis and Microarray Data Validation.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- One world, one goal: Advocacy and policy for a unified Parkinson's response.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Dual-Risk axis:Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Overcoming Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a Potential Therapeutic Target.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Parkinson's disease and the concept of resilience, cognitive, and motor reserve.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association study of copy number variations in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- LIFETIME JEM-DERIVED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE BURDEN AND ODDS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND PARKINSONISM IN A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the world's fastest growing brain disorder, and exposure to environmental toxicants is the principal reason. In this paper, we consider alternative, but unsatisfactory, explanations for its rise, including improved diagnostic skills, aging populations, and genetic causes. We then detail three environmental toxicants that are likely among the main causes of Parkinson's disease- certain pesticides, the solvent trichloroethylene, and air pollution. All three environmental toxicants are ubiquitous, many affect mitochondrial functioning, and all can access humans via various routes, including inhalation and ingestion. We reach the hopeful conclusion that most of Parkinson's disease is thus preventable and that we can help to create a world where Parkinson's disease is increasingly rare.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.