SynthesisSystematic reviews2024
Prevalence of female genital mutilation and associated factors among women and girls in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health effects associated with exposure of children to physical violence, psychological violence and neglect: a Burden of Proof study.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors and mortality of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in newborns across geographical regions, surgical type, and national economic levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal education-related inequality in female genital mutilation/cutting among daughters aged 0-14 years in three East African countries: DHS data from 2016-2022.Global health action · 2026Article
- Determinants of female genital mutilation among daughters in Ethiopia: a negative binomial regression approach.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a multimedia campaign in shifting community knowledge, attitudes, social norms, and practices of female genital mutilation and child marriage in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Female genital mutilation: prevalence and factors associated with its type among women of reproductive age group in Somaliland: further analysis of 2020 Demographic and Health Survey Data.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Universal Female Genital Mutilation and High Burden of Infibulation in Mogadishu: Cross-Sectional Study on Severity, Types, and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Girls in Somalia.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Machine learning based classification of female genital mutilation in 11 Sub-Saharan African countries using demographic and health survey data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the violence against persons prohibition act in reducing female genital mutilation/cutting in Nigeria: a multi-year policy impact analysis.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Effects of Training Nursing Students on Female Genital Mutilation: A Quasi-Experimental Study With Pre- and Postintervention Assessments.Nursing research and practice · 2026Article
- Lived experiences and impacts of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): a meta-ethnographic synthesis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Documentation of biological sex and gender in missing person investigations.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of female genital mutilation: current insights from ten at-risk countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Female genital mutilation/cutting in women delivering in France: An observational national study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Observational
- Cultural Norm Transmission/Disruption amongst Somali Refugee Women: The Beauty and Privilege of Intergenerational Relationships.Social sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Female genital mutilation and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Effect of Female Genital Mutilation on Sexual Function in Ibadan, Nigeria.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) has zero health benefits. It can lead to short- and long-term risks and complications, including physical, sexual, and mental health and well-being of girls and women. It is a worldwide public health issue with more than 80% prevalence in Africa. It is a global imperative to strengthen work for the elimination, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) strives to eliminate FGM and monitor the progress made. However, one of a challenge in tracking progress is establishing baseline prevalence data within regions and countries. Therefore, this review aimed to pool the prevalence of FGM in Africa and identify the promoting factors among women and girls.
methodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist guideline. Both published and unpublished studies conducted from 2012 onwards were eligible. Studies written in non-English languages were excluded. To retrieve relevant studies; PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Journals Online databases, and African Index Medicus (AIM) were searched using a combination of searching terms. The Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale (NOS) tool was used to assess the quality of each included study. The Cochran's Q chi-square and I
resultThis study included 155 primary studies conducted on the prevalence and/or factors associated with FGM in Africa. The pooled prevalence of FGM was 56.4% (95%CI 49.7-63.6). The primary factors promoting the practice of FGM were family history of circumcision (AOR = 13.71, 95%CI 9.11-20.62), being a Muslim religion follower (AOR = 3.51, 95%CI 2.61-4.71), poor wealth index (AOR = 1.38, 95%CI1.27-1.51), higher age (AOR = 2.95, 95%CI 2.49-3.38), not attending formal education (AOR = 3.28, 95%CI 2.62-4.12), and rural residency (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI 1.84-2.80).
conclusionThe prevalence of FGM in Africa was found to be high. This study also observed a variation in FGM prevalence across regions and countries and a slight temporal decline over the study period. As the global community enters the final decade dedicated to eliminating FGM, there remains much to be done to achieve the elimination goal.
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