ArticleBMC public health2024
Working hours of full-time hospital physicians in Japan: a cross-sectional nationwide survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early impact of Japan's 2024 physician work hour reform on cardiovascular revascularization: a multi-center interrupted time series analysis using a National-Level DPC database.Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Japan's health system toward 2040: structural challenges and a renewed social contract.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Drivers and Outcomes of Engagement in Non-Formal Special Interest Groups Among Japanese Emergency Physicians: An Activity Theory Analysis.AEM education and training · 2026Article
- Time use, unpaid care work, and income: a nationwide cross-sectional web survey of gender gaps among hospital physicians in Japan.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Adapting the Hospitalist Work Style to Japan's Work Style Reform: A Qualitative Study from the Perspectives of Japan-Trained Hospitalists in the United States.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Comparison of Workplace Social Capital between the Pre- and Post-Restriction Eras of Physician Working Hours: A Nationwide Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Association of work-family conflict with turnover intention among hospital ophthalmologists in Japan: a cross-sectional study.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Variations in the perceived value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics based on physicians' clinical backgrounds.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Determining the Mental Health of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Residents, According to the General Health Questionnaire.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- Autistic- and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like traits: differential associations with burnout, depression and anxiety, and empathy among Japanese junior residents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Burnout in Japanese Internists and Primary Care Physicians in 2024: The Prevalence and Risk Factors Using Structural Equation Modeling.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- The Short-Term Impacts of Japan's 2024 Physician Working-Hour Limits on Labor Conditions, Self-Directed Professional Development, and Happiness Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2025Article
- Pediatricians' Perspectives on Task Shifting in Pediatric Care: A Nationwide Survey in Japan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Work Style Reform for Pediatric Residents.JMA journal · 2025Article
- Determinants of waiting times for surgery in older patients with hip fractures: a two-center retrospective study in Japanese acute care hospitals.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Educational environment changes toward resident duty hour restrictions in Japan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- The Future of Hospital Medicine in Japan: Lessons From the United States Hospital Medicine System.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Disease burden and attributable risk factors of major depressive disorder in China, Japan, and South Korea from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Laypeople's Perspective on Physician Work-Hour Restrictions in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of patient experience · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe culture of excessively long overtime work in Japan has not been recently addressed. New legislation on working hours, including a limitation on maximum overtime work for physicians, will be enforced in 2024. This study was performed to elucidate the working conditions of full-time hospital physicians and discuss various policy implications.
methodsA facility survey and a physician survey regarding physicians' working conditions were conducted in July 2022. The facility survey was sent to all hospitals in Japan, and the physician survey was sent to all physicians working at half of the hospitals. The physicians were asked to report their working hours from 11 to 17 July 2022. In addition to descriptive statistics, a multivariate logistic regression analysis on the factors that lead to long working hours was conducted.
resultsIn total, 11,466 full-time hospital physicians were included in the analysis. Full-time hospital physicians worked 50.1 h per week. They spent 45.6 h (90.9%) at the main hospital and 4.6 h (9.1%) performing side work. They spent 43.8 h (87.5%) on clinical work and 6.3 h (12.5%) on activities outside clinical work, such as research, teaching, and other activities. Neurosurgeons worked the longest hours, followed by surgeons and emergency medicine physicians. In total, 20.4% of physicians were estimated to exceed the annual overtime limit of 960 h, and 3.9% were estimated to exceed the limit of 1860 h. A total of 13.3% and 2.0% exceeded this level only at their primary hospital, after excluding hours performing side work. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, younger age, working at a university hospital, working in clinical areas of practice with long working hours, and undergoing specialty training were associated with long working hours after controlling for other factors.
conclusionsWith the approaching application of overtime regulations to physicians, a certain reduction in working hours has been observed. However, many physicians still work longer hours than the designated upper limit of overtime. Work reform must be further promoted by streamlining work and task-shifting while securing the functions of university hospitals such as research, education, and supporting healthcare in communities.
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