Observational studyMolecular psychiatry2024
Different inflammatory signatures based on CSF biomarkers relate to preserved or diminished brain structure and cognition.
Observational study in Molecular psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Targeting NETosis in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.Cells · 2024Pooled it
- Protocol for classifying cellular senescence from single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing data.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Long COVID-associated neurological symptoms and brain fog: Understanding the mechanism of neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, diagnostics, and therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Increased CSF levels of soluble AXL at diagnosis correlate with poor prognosis in patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Innate Immune Tolerance Regulates Microglia Response to Aβ Oligomers.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Intracellular fluid accumulation underlies brain volume increases in early Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- The association between a pro-inflammatory diet and brain age in middle-aged and older adults.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation are associated with regional atrophy.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neurobiological correlates of longitudinal grey matter volume changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Material-based neuroimaging and biomarker detection for central nervous system disorder.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Identifying Druggable Inflammatory Proteins Causally Contributing to Parkinson's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Beyond Transgenic Mice: Emerging Models and Translational Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Plasma inflammatory cytokines are associated with cognitive impairment after acute minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Cognitive reserve against Alzheimer's pathology is linked to brain activity during memory formation.Nature communications · 2024Observational
- Inflammaging and Brain Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
58 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and both positive and negative associations of individual inflammation-related markers with brain structure and cognitive function have been described. We aimed to identify inflammatory signatures of CSF immune-related markers that relate to changes of brain structure and cognition across the clinical spectrum ranging from normal aging to AD. A panel of 16 inflammatory markers, Aβ42/40 and p-tau181 were measured in CSF at baseline in the DZNE DELCODE cohort (n = 295); a longitudinal observational study focusing on at-risk stages of AD. Volumetric maps of gray and white matter (GM/WM; n = 261) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs, n = 249) were derived from baseline MRIs. Cognitive decline (n = 204) and the rate of change in GM volume was measured in subjects with at least 3 visits (n = 175). A principal component analysis on the CSF markers revealed four inflammatory components (PCs). Of these, the first component PC1 (highly loading on sTyro3, sAXL, sTREM2, YKL-40, and C1q) was associated with older age and higher p-tau levels, but with less pathological Aβ when controlling for p-tau. PC2 (highly loading on CRP, IL-18, complement factor F/H and C4) was related to male gender, higher body mass index and greater vascular risk. PC1 levels, adjusted for AD markers, were related to higher GM and WM volumes, less WMHs, better baseline memory, and to slower atrophy rates in AD-related areas and less cognitive decline. In contrast, PC2 related to less GM and WM volumes and worse memory at baseline. Similar inflammatory signatures and associations were identified in the independent F.ACE cohort. Our data suggest that there are beneficial and detrimental signatures of inflammatory CSF biomarkers. While higher levels of TAM receptors (sTyro/sAXL) or sTREM2 might reflect a protective glia response to degeneration related to phagocytic clearance, other markers might rather reflect proinflammatory states that have detrimental impact on brain integrity.
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