ArticleArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2024
Measuring Multidimensional Aspects of Health in the Oldest Old Using the NIH Toolbox: Results From the ARMADA Study.
Article in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of age and APOE ϵ4 genotype on the relationship between pulse pressure and executive function in older adults without dementia.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- Immigrant generational status, late-life social support and mental well-being, and cognitive change in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Life Experiences cohort.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Psychological well-being in cognitively intact adults aged 80+: Findings from the SuperAging Research Initiative.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Norming of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery Version 3.Assessment · 2025Article
- NIH Toolbox Cognition Performance in Older Adults with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Mild Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: Results from the ARMADA Study.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- The Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Predicting and Evaluating Cognitive Status in Aging Populations Using Decision Tree Models.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasArticle
- Computerized cognitive testing to capture cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Longitudinal findings from the ARMADA study.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe percentage of older adults living into their 80s and beyond is expanding rapidly. Characterization of typical cognitive performance in this population is complicated by a dearth of normative data for the oldest old. Additionally, little attention has been paid to other aspects of health, such as motor, sensory, and emotional functioning, that may interact with cognitive changes to predict quality of life and well-being. The current study used the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) to determine age group differences between persons aged 65-84 and 85+ with normal cognition.
methodParticipants were recruited in two age bands (i.e., 65-84 and 85+). All participants completed the NIHTB Cognition, Motor, Sensation, and Emotion modules. Independent-samples t-tests determined age group differences with post-hoc adjustments using Bonferroni corrections. All subtest and composite scores were then regressed on age and other demographic covariates.
resultsThe 65-84 group obtained significantly higher scores than the 85+ group across all cognitive measures except oral reading, all motor measures except gait speed, and all sensation measures except pain interference. Age remained a significant predictor after controlling for covariates. Age was not significantly associated with differences in emotion scores.
conclusionsResults support the use of the NIHTB in persons over 85 with normal cognition. As expected, fluid reasoning abilities and certain motor and sensory functions decreased with age in the oldest old. Inclusion of motor and sensation batteries is warranted when studying trajectories of aging in the oldest old to allow for multidimensional characterization of health.
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