ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2024
Evolution and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2022-2023.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Multiple introductions and spread of novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses via wild birds, South Korea, 2024-2025.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Characterization of the novel H6N1 avian influenza viruses in a broiler duck farm in Korea from 2023 to 2024.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza at the Wild Bird-Poultry Interface: An Asia-Focused Review with Ecological Risk Scenarios for China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Optimizing wild bird fecal surveillance sites for HPAI through risk estimation using machine learning algorithms.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Article
- Genomic and Clinicopathological Characterization of a Reassortant HPAI H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in an Endangered Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in South Korea, 2026.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Early detection and genetic characterization of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses at the onset of fall migration in wild birds during october 2025 in South Korea.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Introduction and inter-species transmission dynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Japan 2021-25.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and pathobiology of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza in South Korea (2003-2024): a comprehensive review.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Reassortment of newly emergent clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses in Bangladesh.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) Viruses in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in the United States: recent incursions and spillover to cattle.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Intranasally administered whole virion inactivated vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza virus with optimized antigen and increased cross-protection.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022-2023.Virus research · 2025Article
- Article
- First detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a wild leopard cat (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in dairy cattle: origin, evolution, and cross-species transmission.mBio · 2024Review
- Genetic diversity of H5N1 and H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Japan during the winter of 2022-2023.Virus research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During October 2022-March 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus caused outbreaks in South Korea, including 174 cases in wild birds. To understand the origin and role of wild birds in the evolution and spread of HPAI viruses, we sequenced 113 HPAI isolates from wild birds and performed phylogenetic analysis. We identified 16 different genotypes, indicating extensive genetic reassortment with viruses in wild birds. Phylodynamic analysis showed that the viruses were most likely introduced to the southern Gyeonggi-do/northern Chungcheongnam-do area through whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and spread southward. Cross-species transmission occurred between various wild bird species, including waterfowl and raptors, resulting in the persistence of HPAI in wild bird populations and further geographic spread as these birds migrated throughout South Korea. Enhanced genomic surveillance was an integral part of the HPAI outbreak response, aiding in timely understanding of the origin, evolution, and spread of the virus.
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