ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2024
Accelarated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spermidine Mitigates Immune Cell Senescence and Boosts Vaccine Responses in Healthy Older Adults-A Pilot Study.Aging cell · 2026Trial
- Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 Rehabilitation (PHOSP-R): a randomised controlled trial of exercise-based rehabilitation.The European respiratory journal · 2025Trial
- Acute viral respiratory infections are not associated with an increased IMMune Age indeX (IMMAX) four weeks after infection: a prospective observational cohort study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Adoptive T-cell therapies for persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: Comparison of IFN-γ virus-specific T-cell therapy and CD45RAGeroScience · 2026Article
- DNA methylation-mediated memory of obesity in CD4 T lymphocytes perpetuates immune dysregulation.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Healthcare Development, Relaxed Natural Selection, and COVID-19 Infection Rates: An Evolutionary Population-Level Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID: mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Host-virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits in aging and long COVID: a CMV-centered perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- LatentBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Exploring long-term recovery and community health management: a qualitative study of older adults and caregivers' experiences post COVID-19 in the Republic of Ireland.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Probiotics and Prebiotics Intervention in Respiratory and Digestive Infections Linked to Covid-19.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Long-term immune changes after COVID-19 and the effect of BCG vaccination and latent infections on disease severity.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Salivary cortisol in long COVID: a marker of broader stress system and circadian rhythm dysregulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- PD-1Respiratory research · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on accelerating of immunosenescence and brain aging.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe striking increase in COVID-19 severity in older adults provides a clear example of immunesenescence, the age-related remodelling of the immune system. To better characterise the association between convalescent immunesenescence and acute disease severity, we determined the immune phenotype of COVID-19 survivors and non-infected controls.
resultsWe performed detailed immune phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 103 COVID-19 survivors 3-5 months post recovery who were classified as having had severe (n = 56; age 53.12 ± 11.30 years), moderate (n = 32; age 52.28 ± 11.43 years) or mild (n = 15; age 49.67 ± 7.30 years) disease and compared with age and sex-matched healthy adults (n = 59; age 50.49 ± 10.68 years). We assessed a broad range of immune cell phenotypes to generate a composite score, IMM-AGE, to determine the degree of immune senescence. We found increased immunesenescence features in severe COVID-19 survivors compared to controls including: a reduced frequency and number of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells (p < 0.0001); increased frequency of EMRA CD4 (p < 0.003) and CD8 T cells (p < 0.001); a higher frequency (p < 0.0001) and absolute numbers (p < 0.001) of CD28
conclusionsOur analyses reveal a state of enhanced immune ageing in survivors of severe COVID-19 and suggest this could be related to SARS-Cov-2 infection. Our data support the rationale for trials of anti-immune ageing interventions for improving clinical outcomes in these patients with severe disease.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.