Observational studyScientific reports2024
A comparative observational study of carbohydrate intake and continuous blood glucose levels in relation to performance in ultramarathon.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female trail running: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of food bar chewing duration on the physiologic, metabolic, and perceptual responses to moderate-intensity running.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- From Metabolism to Medals: Contemporary Perspectives and Revisiting Carbohydrate Guidelines for Fueling Endurance Athletes during Exercise.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Review
- A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Performance in Non-Elite Runners.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Glucose dynamics during ultramarathon running: a multi-phase framework and implications for late-stage glucose elevations.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Nutrition practices and race experiences of ultra-marathon athletes in the marathon des sables, a qualitative analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Impact of sodium alginate energy gel on the marathon performance of amateur runners: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Stage-by-stage fueling, glucose dynamics, and next-day metabolism and biomarker responses after baseline testing in an 18.5-hour Swedish classic tetrathlon.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Acute exercise-induced improvements in cognition: Role of cerebral blood flow and metabolism.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
- Effects of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic Acid on Enhancing Grip Strength and Inhibiting Protein Catabolism Induced by Exhaustive Exercise.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ultra-endurance events have gained global participation, whereas the critical factors of competition results remain to be well elucidated. This study used a nutritional approach to evaluate the association of competition results with carbohydrate intake and blood glucose control during a 100-mile ultramarathon. This observational study was conducted in the 2021 LAKE BIWA 100, which covered 100 miles (169 km) and 10,500 m elevation. The course was divided into 9 segments by aid station. According to the competition results, 22 participants (18 men and 4 women) were divided into higher finishers (n = 7), lower finishers (n = 9), and non-finishers (n = 6). The participants self-recorded their overall dietary intake throughout the race. Glucose levels were monitored every 15 min by a flash glucose monitoring system. Running speed in each segment was standardized to the average of the top five finishers for each gender. Among finishers, the carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in the higher finishers than in the lower finishers during overall segments, especially in the first half of the race (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between running speed and carbohydrate intake in the lower finishers (rho = 0.700, p = 0.036). Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that lowering glucose levels in each segment were more frequently observed in the lower finishers compared to the higher finishers (p = 0.012). Compared to the higher finishers, the lower finishers exhibited significantly greater fluctuations (⊿highest-lowest) in glucose levels (p < 0.001). The fluctuations in glucose levels were significantly and negatively correlated with the running speed of the finishers (rho = - 0.612, p = 0.012). Faster runners consume high amounts of carbohydrates and maintain glucose levels during the 100-mile ultramarathon on the trail, especially at the beginning. Lowering and fluctuating glucose levels during the race are associated with lower running speed in endurance athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.