Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38212384›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment.

Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Nursyafiqah Zaini, Nur Azmah Nordin, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Ramesh V Upadhyay, Shahir Mohd Yusuf

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Mohd Aidy Faizal JohariEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Saiful Amri MazlanEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. amri.kl@utm.my.
Siti Aishah Abdul AzizFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, 26400, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.
Nursyafiqah ZainiEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nur Azmah NordinEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ubaidillah UbaidillahMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, J1. Ir. Sutami 36A, Ketingan, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. ubaidillah_ft@staff.uns.ac.id.
Ramesh V UpadhyayDr K C Patel Research and Development Centre, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India.
Shahir Mohd YusufEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
University of Technology Malaysia · MYCharotar University of Science and Technology · INSebelas Maret University · IDUniversiti Teknologi MARA · MY

Funding

Universitas Sebelas Maret Partial Funding Hibah Kolaborasi Internasional 2024.Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Fundamental Research (Vot No. 22H14)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance's longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material's surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of the material. In this study, the effect of natural weathering in tropical climates on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was investigated through microstructural evaluation to understand the aging behavior of the environmentally exposed MRE. To understand and elucidate the process, MREs made of silicone rubber and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles were prepared and exposed to the natural weathering of a tropical climate for 90 days. The MRE samples were then mechanically tensile tested, which revealed that Young's modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. Surface degradation due to weathering was suspected to be the primary cause of this condition. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the degradation of MRE was investigated as a function of morphological evidence. Upon examination through SEM, it was noted that the weathering effects on the morphology of the exposed samples showed distinct characteristics on the degraded surfaces of the MRE, including numerous microvoids, cavities, and microcracks. While these features were not prominent for the MRE itself, they bear resemblance to the effects observed in similar materials like rubber and elastomer. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to investigate the surface topography and local degradation conditions. This observation revealed a distinctive degradation characteristic of the MRE in connection to natural weathering in tropical climates. The surface damage of the MRE samples became severe and inhomogeneous during the environmental aging process, and degradation began from the exposed MRE surface, causing the mechanical characteristics of the MRE to significantly change.

Identifiers

PMID38212384
PMCPMC10784513
OpenAlexW4390765859

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.