ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2024
Head trauma results in manyfold increased risk of multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible individuals.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurotrauma and multiple sclerosis: the silent catalyst - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Concussion is associated with multiple sclerosis if it occurs before infectious mononucleosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Progression Independent of the Triggering Event in Neurologic Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: an immune attack on astrocyte-mediated ion and water homeostasis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroimmunological Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLarge register-based studies have reported an association between head trauma and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate possible interactions between head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes in relation to MS risk.
methodsWe used a Swedish population-based case-control study (2807 incident cases, 5950 matched controls with HLA genotypes available for 2057 cases, 2887 controls). Subjects with and without a history of self-reported head trauma were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating ORs with 95% CIs using logistic regression models. Additive interaction between head trauma,
resultsA history of head trauma was associated with a 30% increased risk of subsequently developing MS (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.53), with a trend showing increased risk of MS with increasing number of head impacts (p=0.03). We observed synergistic effects between recent head trauma and
conclusionsOur findings align with previous observations of a dose-dependent association between head trauma and increased risk of MS and add a novel aspect of this association by revealing synergistic effects between recent head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.