ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Virological Failure After Switch to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Injectable Therapy: An In-depth Analysis.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Virologic Failure and Emergent Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Drug Resistance With Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Treatment: A Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sustained Virologic Suppression After Discontinuation of Long-acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine: A Two-case Series Highlighting Unexpected Heterogeneity in Pharmacokinetics and Viral Control.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapies for HIV Treatment and Prevention: Clinical Pharmacology, Recent Advances and Future Opportunities.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Effect of Non-nucleoside Resistance-Associated Mutations on the Effectiveness of Long-Acting Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine Therapy: Insights From the Real-World RELATIVITY Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cabotegravir+rilpivirine long-acting every 2 months in a real-world setting: 24-month outcomes in people with HIV-1.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral therapy persistence among treatment-experienced people with HIV and mental health disorders and/or substance use disorders in the USA (2017-2024): a retrospective cohort study.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- HIV-1 virologic failure in the RESINA cohort: lessons from two decades of real-world data.Infection · 2026Article
- [Early virological failure with long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine: description of two cases].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Article
- The Epidemiology of HIV-1 Resistance to Two-Drug Regimens in Multicenter Cohort From Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Consequences of Delaying Implementation of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for People With HIV and Persistent Viremia in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Next-Generation HIV-1 Therapeutics in Co-Endemic Settings.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Design and Evaluation of Next-Generation HIV Genotyping for Detection of Resistance Mutations to 28 Antiretroviral Drugs Across 5 Major Classes Including Lenacapavir.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the Interaction Between Injection Site and Biological Sex on the Real-world Population Pharmacokinetics of Long-acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Effectiveness and predictors of treatment discontinuation of long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine in virologically suppressed people with HIV: real-life data from the Icona Cohort.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Long-Term Real-World Use of Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine: Adherence and Virological Efficacy over a 44-Month Observation Period.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-acting (LA) injectable therapy with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is currently used as maintenance treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and has a low risk for virological failure (VF). Although the risk is low, the circumstances and impact of VF in the real-world setting merit further evaluation.
methodsWe performed an in-depth clinical, virological, and pharmacokinetic analysis on the reasons behind and the impact of VF during LA CAB/RPV therapy in 5 cases from the Netherlands. Genotypic resistance testing was performed after the occurrence of VF, and drug plasma (trough) concentrations were measured after VF was established and on any other samples to assess on-treatment drug levels. CAB and RPV drug levels that were below the first quartile of the population cutoff (≤Q1) were considered to be low.
resultsFive cases who were eligible for LA CAB/RPV experienced VF despite a low predicted risk at baseline. Genotypic resistance testing revealed extensive selection of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutations in all cases, and integrase strand transfer inhibitor mutations in 4 cases. All cases displayed low drug levels of either CAB, RPV, or both during the treatment course, likely contributing to the occurrence of VF. In 3 cases, we were able to identify the potential mechanisms behind these low drug levels.
conclusionsThis is the first in-depth multiple case analysis of VF on LA CAB/RPV therapy in a real-world setting. Our observations stress the need to be aware for (evolving) risk factors and the yield of a comprehensive clinical, virological, and pharmacokinetic approach in case of failure.
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